Ch. 6 Words/Phrases1) Generation: The average amount of time between the birth of a person & the

birth of their children. (p. 33)2) Makeshift: Must make with whatever is at hand; temporary (p. 33)3) Hopes were dashed: Disappointed; dreams crushed; hopes ruined (p.34)4) Solemn: sad; serious (p. 35, 37)5) Topi: a kind of antelope (p. 36)6) Aroma: Pleasant smell (p. 36)7) Cold fist gripped his heart: feeling of angst; heart filled with sorrow/pain (p. 38)

Ch. 7-8 Words/Phrases

1) Terror: extreme fear (p. 40)2) Puzzled: confused (p. 42)3) Reeds: long grasses that grow in water (p.43)4) Papyrus: Type of long grass (p. 43)5) Shallow Canoe: Low canoe for water travel (p. 43)6) Prow: The front of a boat (p. 44)7) Monotonous: over & over (p. 46)8) Abundance: a lot (p.47)9) Massed: swarmed; all over the place (p. 49)

10) Gourd: a round fruit whose shell can be used as a container (p. 50)11) Desperate: do anything; extreme urgency (p. 50)

Target: I can identify “theme” as it applies to A Long Walk to Water.

The theme of a book is the message or the lesson that the author is trying to convey. It is different from the plot, which is the events that happen in the book.

A theme has the following characteristics:

• It is a message or lesson about life that is broadly applicable—it is true for situations beyond the story. • It is a statement, not just a topic. That is, friendship is not a theme. However, friendship can bring comfort in times of hardship could be a theme. • Different books or movies can have similar themes. For example, Little Red Riding Hood and Hansel and Gretel both convey the message that you should be careful about who you trust, because people may not share their true intentions.

The plots of these fairy tales are quite different, but their themes are similar.

Read through the list of common themes in literature. With your group, decide which 3 might be themes in A Long Walk to Water. Be prepared to explain why you selected each one.

1. Nature can present many challenges to humans. 2. We cannot escape our fates. 3. Family is our most important support. 4. Love is what makes life worth living. 5. Dangerous situations can make people become leaders. 6. To be truly happy, you must do what you know is right, even if it is unpopular. 7. People often do not appreciate what they have until it’s gone. 8. Water is our most important resource. 9. In wartime, ordinary rules and routines vanish. 10.Individuals are able to survive in challenging environments in remarkable ways. 11.All people have the same basic needs. 12. Sometimes we have to abandon things that are important to us in order to survive.

TARGET: I can read for the central idea (gist) of Ch. 6

Nya - Nya and her family are at the lake camp, where she digs for water instead of walking to it. Her mother is worried that when her father and brother go out hunting, they will be attacked by Dinka

Salva-Salva meets his Uncle Jewiir, who was traveling in the same group he was. Uncle Jewiir is a leader in the group. He uses his gun to shoot a topi to eat, but they have all been so starved that it makes them sick. Salva’s friend Marial is killed by a lion while he is sleeping.

TARGET: I can cite several pieces of text-based evidence to support my analysis of Salva surviving a challenging environment.

Ch. 6 GATHERING EVIDENCE:

Intro--Salva was so happy to see that his uncle was in the group walking. He wondered if his uncle would even be any help but then realizes he has a rifle strapped over his shoulder.

Quote & pg-- “Yes, when I left the army they let me keep my rifle.” (p.35)

Analysis--The fact that Salva’s uncle has a weapon helps gives Salva hope that they can hunt for food and that they will have some protection of needed.

Chapter 6

Intro: Salva had been travelling alone. One day, he met his uncle, who had been traveling the same group he was in. Once he met his uncle, he had someone to take care of him and he was much less scared.

Quote: “’Eh, Nephew!’ he said in a cheerful voice. We are together now, so I will look after you.’”

Analysis: This quote shows that family helps people survive in challenging environments. Salva’s uncle helps him in many ways – he helps him find food, he calms his fears, and he encourages him to keep going even when the journey is very difficult.

TARGET: I can read for the central idea (gist) of Ch. 7

Nya :Nya’s little sister is ill, she complained of stomach pains days earlier but now is weak she can barely move or speak. He family needs to decide if they will walk the long journey to a doctor to get medicine.

Salva: Salva is scared walking in the tall grass, fearful of a lion attacking him. His uncle promises to protect him. The group worked hard together build canoes out of papyrus grass and reeds.

TARGET: I can cite several pieces of text-based evidence to support my analysis of Salva surviving a challenging environment.

Ch. 7 GATHERING EVIDENCE: Intro-- The group worked tirelessly and together to find a way to cross the Nile before the war reached them. Salva & others ran back & forth cutting and weaving reeds for makeshift boats for two days.Quote & pg-- “They knew how to tie the reeds together & weave them cleverly to form shallow canoes.” (p. 43)Analysis--The group used teamwork and perseverance to get their canoes built despite the reeds being slippery and the risk of war heading towards them at any moment.

Ch. 9-10 Words/Phrases: write down the ones you don’t know

1) Shrubs: Small bushes2) endured:To be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without

complaining3) been reduced to: To make something smaller or less in size4) Relentless: Strict, cruel, or determined, without ever stopping5) Arid: Dry6) lag:To move more slowly than others7) Vulture: A bird that eats dead animals8) corpses:The dead bodies of people9) refugee camp:A temporary place to live, usually made up of tents, for large

numbers of people who have fled their countries10) spark of hope: A tiny bit of promise or good news11) Vision: Dream; an idea of what you think something should be like12) receding: Fading into the distance behind you13) ritual scarring: A scar made on purpose to show identity, a tradition in

coming-of-age ceremonies in some places

TARGET: I can read for the central idea (gist) of Ch. 8

Nya : Nya’s sister goes to the doctor and is feeling much better. She became ill from dirty drinking water. Nya and her mother are worried they won’t be able to get the water clean (boil to the count of 200) before it dries up.

Salva: Salva and the group encounter millions of mosquitos on their journey across the Nile. The group was getting ready for the most difficult part of the journey, crossing the Akobo Desert. They needed lots of water, which was nearly impossible to have.

TARGET: I can cite several pieces of text-based evidence to support my analysis of Salva surviving a challenging environment.

Ch. 8 GATHERING EVIDENCE: Intro--Salva & the others in the group traveled for hours by canoe on the Nile. It was extremely monotonous & he worried he may fall asleep, thus falling out of the boat. He needed a distraction or something to keep this from happening.Quote & pg--”He kept himself awake by counting the strokes of Uncle’s paddle & trying to gauge how far the canoe traveled with every twenty strokes.” (p. 46)Analysis--Salva used grit & determination to push through the repetitive and quiet motions on the canoe that were making him sleepy. He was smart (Common Sense) to find a way to keep his mind occupied.

TARGET: I can read for the central idea (gist) of Ch. 9

Nya Visitors (2 men) came to Nya’s village. They spoke to Nya’s older Brother, Dep. Nya’s uncle is the village chief. We can assume they were talking about water.

Salva Salva and the group arrived in the desert. He was thirsty, tired, had cracked lips, and thorns in his feet. His uncle convinced him to keep moving as he saw several men lying face down in the sand, not moving, most likely dead.

TARGET: I can cite several pieces of text-based evidence to support my analysis of Salva surviving a challenging environment.

Ch. 9 GATHERING EVIDENCE: Intro--Salva is crossing the desert with a group of refugees. This is a difficult journey that will take at least 3 days. Salva shoes fall apart and he has to decide who to cope with this.Quote & pg--”After only a few minutes, Salva had to kick off the flapping shreds & continue barefoot.” (p. 52)Analysis--This shows Salva’s persistence and determination by not giving up and deciding to continue his trek barefoot across the desert so he can survive.

What is JUXTAPOSITION?? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nO_crzYmpxo

Definition: putting things side by side (narrative, poem, etc.) to see how they compare & contrast. In literature, it allows the authors to show a wider range of experiences/perspectives.

Sample pictures:

https://www.theinspiredeye.net/juxtaposition-street-photography/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nO_crzYmpxohttps://www.theinspiredeye.net/juxtaposition-street-photography/

Ch. 8 - 9 Discussion Questions

1) In chapters 8 & 9, what was each character’s experience with water?

2) How were their experiences the same/different?3) Why do you think the author put these two accounts so

close to each other?4) What does she want you to notice/wonder about

survival in Sudan?

**can answer these or do the next chart instead

NYA’s --involvement w/ H2O

-Akeer got sick from the water-Water is scarce for Nya’s family-The family needs H2O to survive (nourishment)-The chief comes to the village to talk about water

SALVA--involvement w/ H2O

-need water to survive (travel) across the Nile-Water is scarce for Salva & the group traveling in the desert-All need H2O to survive but he can’t share with those who are dying or he’ll be next

**Despite the fact the stories take place 30 years apart, the struggle to find water for survival is STILL REAL in Sudan.

TARGET: I can read for the central idea (gist) of Ch. 10

Nya The men finished their meeting and then went over to the two largest trees where her people often went to sing & talk around the fire.in Nya’s village. They think they will be able to find water here. Nya doesn’t understand what is happening.

Salva Salva’s uncle tells him he will not be going with him to the refugee camp but will return to Sudan to fight in the war. Everyone in the group is hungry and thirsty & were ready to eat a stork they found. Suddenly armed Nuer men appeared, asked Salva’s uncle is he was with the rebels. They tied his uncle to and tree and shot him dead.

TARGET: I can cite several pieces of text-based evidence to support my analysis of Salva surviving a challenging environment.

Ch. 10 GATHERING EVIDENCE: Intro--Salva is sad to learn that his uncle will not be staying with him at the refugee camp. His uncle is determined to go back to Sudan and fight for his Dinka people in the war.Quote & pg--”He knows it will be hard for me, he does not want to leave me there, but he has to go back & fight for our people. I musn’t act like a baby-I must try to be strong.” (p. 60)Analysis--Salva uses his mental strength and determination by deciding to be tough and get through the difficult experience of being without his uncle at the refugee camp.

TARGET: I can read for the central idea (gist) of Ch. 11

Nya The villagers began clearing the land between the trees which was extremely difficult & dangerous. Nya and Dep did not believe there could be water beneath such dry, hard ground.

Salva After Salva and the group buried his uncle, the group began their journey to the refugee camp. The group members went back to treating Salva the way they did before his uncle was in the group. They said he was too young and small, would slow them down, and did not share food or conversation with him.

Ch. 11.

Intro:After Salva’s uncle died, the group went back to treating Salva like a child. They believed he would slow them down or start crying and they did not share food or company with him. For some reason, the way they were treating Salva gave him strength and courage.

Quote & pg.:”There is no one left to help me. They think I am weak & useless. They are wrong, and I will prove it.” (p. 66)

Analysis: Salva decided to persevere and not let the groups’ mistreatment of him prevent him from making it to the refugee camp. He knew his uncle would have wanted him to find the courage and strength to survive on his own.