ch. 7 global struggle for empire
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7 The Global Struggle for Empire c. 1700-1763
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Global Powers and Economy
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Most people were farmersManufacturing on the rise
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Cottage Industry
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Global commerce created many new wealthy families
Bourgeoisie and landed aristocracy merged
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Dutch shipping and banking strong until 1800s
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France dominated trade in Europe
Profitable colonies in India and the Americas
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After the Death of Louis XIV• Councils
reestablished for decision making• Parlements
(courts) able to evaluate royal decrees
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French King
Louis XVr. 1715-1774
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“I shall not tolerate in my kingdom the formation of an
association which would … degenerate into a confederation
for resistance”
Faced challenges to absolutist rule
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The Rise of England
Gained some French land from the Peace of Utrecht
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English Exports Increase
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Eighteenth Century London is the west’s largest and richest city
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1707 Acts of Union united English and Scottish crowns
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England
Scotland
Ireland (1801)
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United Kingdom of Great Britain
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British ParliamentHouse of Lords House of
Commons (rich)
Much greater power than French Parlements
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Power from Stuart to HanoverKing George Ir. 1714-1727German Protestant relative of the Stuarts
Threats of War
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1800s British Dominance of India
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White=Nations the British have not invadedAll but 22 countries
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Transatlantic Slave Trade
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Triangular Trade
Middle Passage
1. European goods traded fro slaves
2. Africans to the Americas as slaves
3. American goods and materials to Europe
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1700-18001700-18006,000,000+ Africans6,000,000+ Africans
Transported Across the Transported Across the AtlanticAtlantic
(as many as 15 mil total 1500s-1800s)(as many as 15 mil total 1500s-1800s)
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PlantationSugar, Tobacco, Cotton, etc.
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Economic prosperity from slave labor (four fifths of all commodities)
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1807 British 1807 British Parliament Parliament
Outlawed The Outlawed The Slave TradeSlave Trade
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1720 The Bubbles BrokeFranceMississippi Bubble• Causes?• Solution?• Lasting Effects?• Cardinal Flueury and Robert Walpole
EnglandSouth Sea Bubble
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1740-1748War of Austrian Succession
Most Major European Powers Involved
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1740 Austrian and HRE Charles VI
diedPragmatic Sanction
Queen Maria Theresa (1717-1780)
Charles VI’s daughter
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1740 Frederick II
invaded Austria not recognizing
the new female heir
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France joined with Prussia
Why?Louis XV
England joined with Austria
Why?King George II
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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Prussia took Austrian Silesia
Conflict Continues with Seven Years’ War
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Seven Years’ War 1756-1763France, Austria, Spain, and Russia
vs.Great Britain and Prussia
1756 Diplomatic Revolution
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The First World War?
Battles In Europe,
India, and North
America
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“In the end God will have pity on us and crush this monster.”Austrian Empress Maria Theresa,
speaking of Frederick II, 1757
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1763 Truce: Prussia kept Silesia and established itself as a major power
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IndiaIndiaBritish
vs.French
Britain won in 1763
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North America“French & Indian War”
(1754-1763)British vs. French for dominance of
the Americas
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French King Louis XV
(1710-1774)
English King George III(1738-1820)
Vs.Vs.
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Many natives sided with France to stop British expansion
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Battles mainly near and in Canada
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Colonel George
Washington(1732-1799)
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French General
Montcalm won early victories,
but killed in battle in
1759
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1759 Quebec taken by the British
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Under the leadership of William Pitt the British won
with their superior navy
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1763 Treaty of Paris
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How to pay for the costs of the war?
Tax the American Colonies
?
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The ColoniesEntrepreneurs
(Cheap Land)Indentured
Servants (7 Years)
ConvictsSlaves