Ch. 8 /lesson 1 Birth

Health Ed.

Overview MaterialCells are the “basic unit” of life…… All cells-divide-multiply-reproduce*except red blood cells

Overview Con’t..• Tissue- group of cells similar in structure

that do similar work (example: muscle)• Organs- 2 or more tissues that perform

the same job (example: heart)• Body system- group of organs working

together to perform a function (example: digestive system)

Step 1: Fertilization

• Fertilization occurs when a single sperm and ovum (or female egg) unite.

• Once they unite a zygote is formedFertilization take place in the upper third of

the fallopian tubes.• Cilia then carry the fertilized egg down the

fallopian tube into the females uterus. This process takes three days

Female Anatomy

Eggs (ovum): female is born with all the eggs she will ever need. (1 million)

The egg is the largest cell in the female bodyOvaries: female sex glands that house eggs and

produce estrogen and progesterone• Have an almond shape• 500,000 eggs in each ovary

Female Anatomy Continued

Ovulation- eggs released, usually one ovary releases a mature ovum one month and the other ovary releases a mature ovum the next month

The egg then travels into the woman fallopian tube

Fallopian tube- 4 inch long tube lined with cilia that connects the ovary to the uterus

If the egg is not fertilized menstruation takes place

Menstruation- occurs every 28 days, all layers of the uterus are shed

The Uterus

Uterus is made of 3 layers:• Endometrium- inner layer• Myometrium- middle layer• Exctometrium- outer layer

Uterus Con’t….

And can be divided into 3 sections:• Fondus- top part of the uterus• Body- the middle part• Cervix- the lowest part of the uterus

that separates the uterus from the vaginal canal

Step 2: Implantation into the UterusThe zygote continues to multiply and

then becomes known as a blastocyst

• Implantation process- blastocyocyst attaches itself to the uterus

Once this occurs the blastyocyst then becomes known as an embryo

Step 3: Development of Placenta and Spinal Cord

Embryo divides into 3 layers of tissue:(1)layer- becomes respiratory /digestive

system(2)Layer- becomes muscle ,bone, skin,

blood vessels(3)Layer- becomes nervous system, sense

organs, mouth

Placenta forms- this provides nourishment for the baby

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord (nutrients and oxygen are carried to the embryo and waste is taken away by this cord)

Step 4: Fetal Development

At 8 weeks of age the embryo becomes a fetus(pg) 142

Step 5: Birth

3 stages:

Stage 1- Dilation- stretching of the cervix, longest and most painful part (goes from closed to the width of your hand)

Stage 2- Birth- contractions move the baby headfirst through the cervix and birth canal

- Breach

Stage 3- Afterbirth- placenta is expelled from the body

The Apgar Test: test given to infants right after birth to determine child’s physical condition.

Test in 5 areas (coloring, pulse, reflexes, activity, respiration)

Prenatal Care• Regular doctors visits• Special diet (No caffeine)• Prenatal vitamins• No Alcohol- can cause (FSA) Fetal

Alcohol Syndrome which leads to mental retardation

• No Tobacco- can cause low birth weight, double mothers chances of having a miscarriage or stillbirth