ch 9: an agrarian republic
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Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic. 9.3: The Jefferson Presidency. A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism. Believed all had the opportunity to succeed in America Population growth; no problem = keep moving west! Expansion not all good: a. Too much moving b. Environmental damage - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic
9.3: The Jefferson Presidency
A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism1. Believed all had the
opportunity to succeed in America
2. Population growth; no problem = keep moving west!
3. Expansion not all good:a. Too much movingb. Environmental damagec. Increased slavery d. Harm to natives
B. Jefferson’s Gov’t
1. Small, small, smalla. Military, debt and internal
taxes all reduced or eliminated on federal level
b. States held the power and responsible for their own debt
2. Capital considered insignificant due to power of the states
C. An Independent Judiciary
Marbury vs. Madison1. Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are
constitutional2. LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches
D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
1. By 1800, in Napoleon's control2. What was he going to do with it? Supply Haiti3. TJ’s concern?
Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans
4. LTC/Impact of purchasea. US doubles in size – peacefullyb. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement c. Trouble w/natives
5. criticism: Purchase not w/in the power of the president
TJ: it was in the interest of national security ?
E. Incorporating Louisiana
1. All are “American”2. French civil law
enacteda. Communal ownershipsb. Forced inheritance
3. 1812:Statehood
9.4: Renewed Imperial Rivalry in
North America
A. Problem with Neutral Rights1. GB does not acknowledge neutrality of USa. Seizes US shipsb. Seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers…Impressmentc. Open fires on US ship
B. The Embargo Act (1807)
1. American ships cannot sail to any foreign ports
2. Goal: “Peaceable Coercion”
a. Recognize US neutrality by GB
b. deprive GB and Fr from raw materials
3. Backfiresa. Exports drop by 80%b. Economic depressionc. Smuggling increased
4. Repealed in 1809
C. A Contradictory Indian Policy1. Intercourse Act ineffective2. TJ’s “civilized” natives?
3. Adapt, leave, or be killed
Indian Resistance Tecumseh
United tribes into political confederations
Dies at battle of Thames = natives unable to stay united as a political force
Battle of Tippecanoe Tecumseh attack US
and fail Gov. Harrison (NW
territory) defeat Tecumseh
Tecumseh helped by GB = in part, war of 1812
#4: President Madison (1809-1817)
Dem-Republican responsible for writing constitution
9.5: The War of 1812
“Second war of Independence”
A. Reasons for this war1. Impressment2. GB supporting
natives3. US Shipping rights
restricted by GB4. Expansion into
NW territory5. GB not
recognizing US neutrality
B. The War Hawks
1. S. and W. congressmen who wanted war w/GB
2. North and middle states did not = sectionalism
3. US military small thanks to TJ!
4. GB uses blockade effectively; keeps US from trading with other countries esp. West Indies
5. D.C. burned to the ground6. Francis Scott Key = Star-
spangled Banner
B. Campaign Against Northern and Southern Indians
1. Canadians defeat Americans
a. NE states did not agree w/war; did not help
b. Tecumseh and Indian confederation help GB
2. Battle of New Orleansa. Led by Andrew Jacksonb. “Battle that saved the Union”c. National unity increasesd. Date of battle? Date of treaty?
C. The Hartford Convention1. Meeting to discuss
nullification due to war grievances; NE states
2. War over before delegates reached Congress
D. Treaty of Ghent, Belgium (1814)
1. GB leaves western posts2. Impressment and
neutrality rights never addressed!
3. US moral increaseda. “We won, we won!” (BNO)
b. “We are not your colony any longer!”
4. Divisive in Congress; unnecessary war
5. Biggest losers…
…Native Americans!
9.6: Defining the Boundaries
A. Moving West – Again!1. Why?a. Population doubles by 1820b. Needed farmlandsc. Accessibility due to new
landsd. Decrease in price =
2. Land Act 1820a. $1.25 per acreb. 80 acre lots
c. Cash only! Who benefits?3. Lateral moves
B. Pres. Monroe & Era of Good Feelings
1817-1825
Dem-RepublicanElection of 1816
Madison & the Election of 1820
Monroe(D-R)
JQ Adams Federalist
C. Henry Clay’s American System
1. Economy needed support of the federal gov’t.
2. Can you say “Alexander Hamilton?”
a. 2nd Bank of US 1816 i. 20 yr charter
ii. Commercial interests pressures Congress to
pass
b. Tariff of 1816 – first to be used as tariffs are intended for: protect American goods
c. Interstate Projects – canals and roads; LTC?
D. Diplomacy of JQ Adams (Sec. of State)
1. Border issuesa. Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817; US/GB) i. Canada/US border @ 49th parallel ii. Great Lakes demilitarizedb. Transcontinental Treaty (1819; US/Spain) aka Adam-Onis:
Florida ceded
c. Convention of 1824 Russia accepts 54’40 as northern Oregon border
2. Monroe Doctrine (1823)Thanks to JQ Adams!
a. Europeans not to interfere in the western hemisphere and vice-versa
b. Can keep current colonies; no new ones
c. US to recognize LA independent countries
d. What’s wrong with this policy?
E. The Panic of 18191. Europe back to a
peacetime economy = hardship for US farmers and shipping
2. Land speculators = increased prices
a. Credit w/bad banksb. Credit constrictedc. Foreclosuresd. Farmers resent
banking systems
3. Tariffs: sectionalism
F. Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise
Issue?: balance of power in the Senate
Political Parties 1789: GW none Federalists and Dem-Rep (Anti-Feds) 1824: all candidates Dem-Rep 1828: Dem-Rep become Democrats 1836: Whigs (former Feds) 1856: Republican 1860: Lincoln (R)