ch. 9 recap washington and adams are our first and second presidents political parties get started
TRANSCRIPT
Ch. 9 recap
Washington and Adams are our first and second presidents
Political parties get started
The First Political PartiesFederalists
Strong central government
Loose interpretation of Constitution Flexible to change
National bank
Democratic Republicans Weaker central
government Strict interpretation of
Constitution Opposed national
bank
1800-1816
Presidential Smack-Down: The Election of 1800!!
John Adams (Federalists) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republicans)
The DR’s thought the Feds had ruined the Bill of Rights with the Alien and Sedition Acts (from Ch. 9)
The Feds thought the DR’s were radicals
RADICALS- People who take an extreme political opinion
The Election ends with a tie in the Electoral College Jefferson – 73 votes Adams – 65 votes Aaron Burr – 73 votes
Both Jefferson and Burr are Democratic Republicans, but the Federalists run the House of Representatives
The House votes for the President if there is a tie
Jefferson wins after a tie-breaker in the House of Representatives
It took 35 times This leads to the
Aaron Burr- Alexander Hamilton duel
Ride or Die: The Hamilton/ Burr duel (Don’t write this down)
Jefferson was a man of many talents (Don’t write this down)LawyerArchitectInventorViolinistArcheologist (1st
American)Book Collector
Thomas Jefferson
Had strong opinions on what America should be like
Tried unite the country by promoting a common way of life The U.S. should be a
country of small, independent farmers
His role as President would be modest
Jefferson believed…
A nation of small farmers would have strong moral and democratic values
Large amount of land in the U.S. will prevent overcrowding
The central government should stay small
Undoing Federalist Programs Jefferson ends the Alien and Sedition
Acts He reduces taxes and the size of the
government and military He undoes Hamilton’s policy of
public debt
John Marshall and the Judiciary Jefferson has little power over the
courts Judges are appointed for life
John Marshall- 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Served for over 30
years Held back the
power of the DR’s by using JUDICIAL REVIEW
Under Marshall, the Supreme Court will strengthen the federal government
Remember, the Federalists want a strong central government, and Marshall is a Federalist
Marbury v. Madison
This case established judicial review
Jefferson and Madison were unhappy with Marbury v. Madison Added strength to Supreme Court and
the federal government
With Judicial Review, Marshall creates a lasting balance among the three branches of government
“The West”
The West
The Appalachians to the Mississippi River
Thousands begin to move west Kentucky and Tennessee are states by 1800 Ohio is a state by 1803
The Mississippi River is the western boundary of the U.S. Spain and France are negotiating who owns
what west of the River
Napoleon and New Orleans
To avoid war, Jefferson asks to buy New Orleans
Napoleon offers to sell the entire Louisiana Territory instead
Napoleon wants to sell for 3 reasons: America’s determination to keep
New Orleans A slave revolt in the West Indies
Costly war with Britain
The Louisiana Purchase
April 30, 1803- Jefferson buys all of Louisiana from France for 15 million dollars
3 cents per acre 13 states will come from the land
purchased
Merriwether Lewis and William Clark
Lewis was in charge, with Clark as second in command The group of volunteers was called the Corps of
Discovery They later changed the name to the Lewis and Clark
Expedition
Sacagawea
A Shoshone woman who guided Lewis and Clark
She knew the land, and had mad language skills
The Expedition brought back a wealth of scientific and geographic knowledge
There was no all-water route to the Pacific Ocean!
What they found (Don’t write this down)
The Effects of Exploration Accurate maps of the West beyond
the Mississippi Growth of the fur trade
Jefferson wanted us to stay out of foreign business, just like Washington said
This would fail for three reasons#1: American merchants were trading
all over the world
#2: The Louisiana Purchase means expansion to the West
Americans will come into closer contact with people of other nations living there.
SpanishFrenchNative Americans
#3: We have little control over the actions of foreign nations
North African pirates are messing with our shipping
Problems with England and FranceBritain and France are still at war, and the
U.S. trading with France bothers Britian
1805- Britain clamps down on American shipping, and sets up a partial blockade
This angers France, who sets up their own laws about who we can trade with
Who do we listen to?
Also, the British begin impressment, kidnapping our sailors at sea to work on British ships
Jefferson avoids war, and is becoming unpopular
Instead of war, Jefferson passes the Embargo Act of 1807 American ships are not allowed to sail to
foreign ports American ports are closed to British
ships
It was a disaster
More harmful to the U.S. than the British or French
“Like cutting one’s throat to cure a nosebleed”
Major issue in the election of 1808, and Jefferson loses to James Madison Congress kills the Embargo Act
Americans also believed that the British were stirring up the Native Americans again Indians in the Northwest have been
losing more and more land, but getting more and more guns
Tecumseh
Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, asks the Native Americans to unite
The Treaty of Fort Wayne gives the U.S. 3 million acres of land, but Tecumseh declares it meaningless
He begins to build an army
Battle of Tippecanoe
While Tecumseh is away recruiting more tribes, William Henry Harrison defeats Tecumseh’s Indian army at Tippecanoe
Tecumseh and his buddies flee to Canada
The warm welcome they get by the British only angers Americans more.
The War Hawks
Some people welcome a war with Britain Henry Clay Andrew Jackson
Westerners who wanted war were called War Hawks
The War Hawks wanted the British to stop impressment stop helping the Native Americans get out of Canada
We declare war on June 18, 1812. Our second, and last, war with Britain
It Just Got Real: the War of 1812 Britain doesn’t want a war, it’s
already at war with France They agree to leave our ships alone,
but it’s too late The agreement arrives two weeks after
we declare war
The War Begins
The War has 2 main phases
Phase 1: 1812-1814: The British blockade American shipping Still at war with France, few troops to
send to America
Phase 2: After April 1814: The British defeat France, and concentrate on America
The U.S. Army is weak and badly trained
Only 7,000 men in the Army The Navy has only 16 ships
First phase of the War: The Navy saves our bacon!
The Constitution and United States win big victories at sea, it boosts American confidence
Battle of Lake Erie
Oliver Hazard Perry fights the British in a naval battle on Lake Erie
Most important naval victory of the war!
Meanwhile, on land… William Henry Harrison invades Canada,
and defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames
Tecumseh is killed in the fighting
The Second Phase of the War
The British land near D.C., and burn the Capitol and the White House
Dolly Madison (James’ wife) escapes with a lot of papers and valuables
Ft. McHenry and the National Anthem
The British attack Fort William McHenry at Baltimore
Francis Scott Key sees the attack and writes a poem
This poem becomes the national anthem
Oh, say can you see by the dawn early light What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last
gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the
perilous fight O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly
streaming? And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still
there Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
Don’t write this down
The tune for the national anthem is actually a British drinking song
The reason the song was written was because the American flag was so small that Key really couldn’t see it
Oh, say can you see by the dawn early light What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last
gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the
perilous fight O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly
streaming? And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still
there Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
The Battle of New Orleans 7,500 British troops land near New
Orleans Andrew Jackson puts together a force
of pirates, militia, and felons Biggest and bloodiest battle of the
war
The British lose over 2,000 men The Americans lose only 71 men Jackson is a hero!
Funny thing is…
The war ended two weeks earlier! The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of
1812.
The Legacy of the War
There was no clear winner, but there were clear consequences Perry and Jackson’s victories increased
American patriotism The strength of Native Americans is
broken The U.S. begins to make products that it
usually had to import
It also showed the world that we could take on the biggest bully in the neighborhood, and survive
Not only survive, but grow!