Walpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu. Chap 1-1Chapter 1Introduction Statistics and Data AnalysisWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu. Chap 1-2Section 1Introduction and Data CollectionWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !"Section #oalsAfter completing this chapter, you should be able to: E$plain %ey definitions& Population 's. Sa(ple Pri(ary 's. Secondary Data Para(eter 's. Statistic Descripti'e 's. Inferential StatisticsDescribe %ey data collection (ethodsDescribe different sa(pling (ethodsProbability Sa(ples 's. )onprobability Sa(ples)u(erical descripti'e (easuresPresenting dataWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !*Why a +anager )eeds to ,no- about Statistics.o %no- ho- to& properly present infor(ationdra- conclusions about populations based on sa(ple infor(ationi(pro'e processesobtain reliable forecastsWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !/,ey DefinitionsA population 0uni'erse1 is the collection of all ite(s or things under considerationA sa(ple is a portion of the population selected for analysisA para(eter is a su((ary (easure that describes a characteristic of the populationA statistic is a su((ary (easure co(puted fro( a sa(ple to describe a characteristic of the populationWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !2Population 's. Sa(pleab c d ef gh i3% l (nop 4 rstu '-$ y5Population Sample b c g i nor u y+easures used to describe the population are called para(eters+easures co(puted fro( sa(ple data are called statisticsWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !6.-o 7ranches of StatisticsDescripti'e statisticsCollecting, su((ari5ing, and describing dataInferential statisticsDra-ing conclusions and8or (a%ing decisions concerning a population based only on sa(ple dataWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !8Descripti'e StatisticsCollect datae.g., Sur'eyPresent datae.g., .ables and graphsCharacteri5e datae.g., Sa(ple (ean 9 iXnWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !:Inferential StatisticsEsti(atione.g., Esti(ate the population (ean -eight using the sa(ple (ean -eight;ypothesis testinge.g., .est the clai( that the population (ean -eight is easons for Dra-ing a Sa(ple?ess ti(e consu(ing than a census?ess costly to ad(inister than a census?ess cu(berso(e and (ore practical to ad(inister than a census of the targeted populationWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !")onprobability Sa(pleIte(s included are chosen -ithout regard to their probability of occurrenceProbability Sa(pleIte(s in the sa(ple are chosen on the basis of %no-n probabilities.ypes of Sa(ples @sedWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !*.ypes of Sa(ples @sed%uotaSamples&on'Probability Samples(udgement ChunkProbability SamplesSimple )andomSystematicStratifiedClusterCon"enience(continued)Walpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !/Probability Sa(plingIte(s in the sa(ple are chosen based on %no-n probabilitiesProbability SamplesSimple )andomSystematic Stratified ClusterWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !2Si(ple >ando( Sa(plesE'ery indi'idual or ite( fro( the fra(e has an e4ual chance of being selectedSelection (ay be -ith replace(ent or -ithout replace(entSa(ples obtained fro( table of rando( nu(bers or co(puter rando( nu(ber generatorsWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !6Decide on sa(ple si5e& nDi'ide fra(e of ) indi'iduals into groups of % indi'iduals&%9)8n>ando(ly select one indi'idual fro( the st group Select e'ery %th indi'idual thereafterSyste(atic Sa(ples& * +,n * -k * -.irst /roupWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !8Stratified Sa(plesDi'ide population into t-o or (ore subgroups 0called strata1 according to so(e co((on characteristicA si(ple rando( sa(ple is selected fro( each subgroup, -ith sa(ple si5es proportional to strata si5esSa(ples fro( subgroups are co(bined into onePopulationDi"idedinto ,strataSa(pleWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !:Cluster Sa(plesPopulation is di'ided into se'eral Aclusters,B each representati'e of the populationA si(ple rando( sa(ple of clusters is selectedAll ite(s in the selected clusters can be used, or ite(s can be chosen fro( a cluster using another probability sa(pling techni4uePopulation di"ided into 1+ clusters)andomly selected clusters for sampleWalpole,Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th e., Pearson Edu.Chap !1: 1117)ange * 17 ' = * < Disad'antages of the >ange,,,,,,,,,,,