ch1 intro comp
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Discovering Computers 2011
Chapter 1 Introduction to
Computers
Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Identify the components ofa computer
Identify the components ofa computer
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
Identify the categories of softwareIdentify the categories of software
Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers
Identify the types of computer users
Identify the types of computer users
Discuss various computer applications in society
Discuss various computer applications in society
Next
A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
Next
Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
Computers are everywhereMaybe a better term : Computer Fluency (adaptability)
How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
Produces and stores results
Next
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into information
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Accepts dataRaw facts, figures, and symbols
Storage Communications
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
What are the advantages of using computers?
Speed Reliability
Next
Consistency
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Next
Impact onLabor Force
Violation ofPrivacy
Health Risks
Public Safety
Impact onEnvironment
What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
Next
Input Process Output Storage Communication
The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used to enter dataand instructions
Next
The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople
Next
The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Next
Case containingelectroniccomponents of the computer that are used to process data
The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
ProcessorAlso called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Next
MemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Storage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
Storage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
Next
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
The Components of a Computer
What are storage media?
Next
USB Flash Drives
Memory Cards DVDs
CDs
Hard Disks
Retrieves(reads)
items from storagemedia
Retrieves(reads)
items from storagemedia
Records (writes)items to storage
media
Records (writes)items to storage
media
The Components of a Computer
What is a storage device?
Next
Often functionas a source
of input
Often functionas a source
of input
The Components of a Computer
What is a USB flash drive?
Next
Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough
to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket
The average USB flash drivecan hold about 1-64 billioncharacters
Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough
to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket
The average USB flash drivecan hold about 1-64 billioncharacters
The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
Next
Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive
Most are housed inside of the system unit
Provides storage capacity comparable to a hard disk, but faster.
Most are housed inside of the system unit
What is an SSD?
The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
Next
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD+/-R and DVD+/-R also called WORM technology [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_Once_Read_Many ]
CD-ROM CD+/-R CD+/-R/W DVD-ROM DVD+/-R DVD+/-R/W
The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
Next
Hardware component that enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions, and information
Hardware component that enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other transmission media
Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other transmission media
Used to shareUsed to share
Networks and the Internet
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together
ResourcesResources
Hardware devices
Hardware devices
Software programs
Software programs
DataData To save time and
money
To save time and
money
InformationInformation
Next
Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet [DoD – 1969]?
Next
Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet (1969)?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
Next
1. Communications
7. Download Music
8. Share Information
Networks and the Internet
What is the Web (1989)?
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to
other Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to
other Web pages
You can share information on a socialnetworking Web site
You can share information on a socialnetworking Web site
Next
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
A blog consists of time-stamped articles in
a journal format
A blog consists of time-stamped articles in
a journal format
A podcast is recorded audio
stored on a Web sitethat can be
downloaded
A podcast is recorded audio
stored on a Web sitethat can be
downloaded
Difference between the Internet and the WWW
Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal computers?
Next
Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X)
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
Next
Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?
Next
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop computer
Generally more expensive than desktop computers with equal capabilities
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
Next
Especially useful for taking notes
Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
Can you say UPS, FEDEX, DHL?
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?
Next
Sometimes referred to as an ultra-personal
computer (uPC), or an Ultra-Mobile PC
(UMPC), or a handtop computer
Small enough to fit
in one hand
iPad, etc. !!
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Next
Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones?
Next
A smart phone isan Internet-enabled
telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities
Like the iPhone, Treo, Android (‘Droid) etc.
Game Consoles
What are game consoles?
Next
Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Like the Xbox, Wii, Sony PlayStation3
Servers
What types of servers are there?
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users[Also called an Enterprise Server]
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
Next
Server Controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage
Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer? A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product
Next
Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer
what to do andhow to do it
Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer
what to do andhow to do it
Computer Software
What is software?
Next
Also called aprogram
& DATA
Also called aprogram
& DATA
Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Next
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and visual images such as icons
Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information
Computer Software
What is system software?
Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices
Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices
Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Next
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Computer Software
What is application software?
Next
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word Processing
Programs designed to make users more productive
Create/Produce useful data
Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
Next
Step 1: INSTALLWhen you insert a greeting card program discin the CD drive for the first time, the computerbegins the procedure of installing the greetingcard program on the hard disk.
Step 2: RUNOnce installed, you can instruct the computer to run the greeting card program. The computer transfers instructions from the hard disk to memory.
Step 3: USEThe greeting card program executes. Using this program, you can create custom greeting cards.
Computer Software
What is a programmer?
Next
Someone who developsapplication or system software Programmer writes
the instructions todirect the computer toprocess data intoinformation
Categories of Computers
Next
What are the categories of computers?Personal Computers
(desktop)
Mobile Computers andMobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user? Personal Finance Management Web access Communications Entertainment (Games)
Next
Examples of Computer Usage
Productivity software
Specialty software
Web usage E-mail (Games)
Next
What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?
Hardware Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones
Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for a mobile user?
Software Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics
software
Next
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user?
Next
Extremely fast processors Types of power users
Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?
Next
Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop
publishing
Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples of computer applications in society?
Next
Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing
Computers, Society, and You
Web-based applications Internet messaging (IM)—free, real-
time connection Two or more parties can use a buddy list
to identify and restrict the contacts the person wishes to communicate with
Social networks—include Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, and Twitter
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Computers, Society, and You
Collaborative work Computer forensics—branch of forensic science
that deals with legal evidence found on computers, and is used to find and apprehend criminals
Collaborative software includes: Google Docs—free Web-based word processor and
spreadsheet Wiki—collection of Web pages designed to let anyone
with access contribute or modify content Google Groups—free service that helps users connect,
share information, and communicate effectively over the Web
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Computers, Society, and You
Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Use
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Computers, Society, and You
When using computer hardware:
Do not plug too many devices into electrical outlets.
Use surge protectors. Place hardware where it can’t fall or be
damaged. Provide adequate space for air circulation
around hardware. Securely fasten computer cables, cords,
and wires.Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall49
Computers, Society, and You
Ergonomics—field of study concerned with the fit between people and their work environment
Carpal tunnel syndrome (repetitive strain injury or cumulative trauma disorder)—caused by repeated motions that damage nerves in hands, wrists, and arms
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Computers, Society, and You
Promote safety and comfort Position top of your monitor at eye level Tilt the monitor back 10 to 20 degrees Place it at least 20” from your eyes Keep your wrists flat—use a wrist rest if
needed Rest your eyes often by focusing on an
object 20 or more feet away Stand and stretch periodically
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Computers, Society, and You
Software programs Contain flaws
Errors cause programs to run slowly or miscalculate.
Bugs are almost impossible to eliminate completely.
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Computers, Society, and You
Computer ethics Moral dilemmas relating to
computer usage Digital piracy Unauthorized reproduction and
distribution of computer-based media Unethical behavior Sending viruses, stealing credit card
information, computer stalking, and installing illegitimate copies of software on computers
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Computers, Society, and You
Computers provide those who are disabled and disadvantaged with added support and opportunities
E-learning Learning without requiring students to
be at a specific location at a specific time
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Computers, Society, and You
Automation Replacement of people by machines
and computers Outsourcing Subcontracting of portions of a job to a
third party to reduce cost, time, and energy.
Computer technology Aided globalization and the resulting
outsourcing of jobs, as well as structural unemployment—the obsolescence of certain jobs. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education,
Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall55
Computers, Society, and You
Be a responsible computer user:
Understand how your computer use affects others.
Obey laws and conform to requests regarding use of cell phones.
Be aware of e-waste and the proper disposal of outdated computer hardware.
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Computers, Society, and You
Advances in computer technology
Upgrade software to obtain the latest software features.
Stay informed to help avoid computer viruses.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
57
Summary of Introduction to Computers
The computer and its componentsThe computer and its components
What is a network?What is a network?
The InternetThe Internet
Types of softwareTypes of software
Categories of computersCategories of computers
Types of computer usersTypes of computer users
Computer applications in societyComputer applications in society
Chapter 1 Complete