ch1 introduction to concrete
TRANSCRIPT
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Lab of Concrete Materials, Mechanics and Engineering
Yonsei University
Introduction to Concretentroduction to Concrete(A review)A review)
Ha-Won SongSchool of Civil and Env. Eng.
Yonsei University
Behavior of ConcreteBehavior of Concrete
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Sustainable development is development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs.
What is sustainable development?hat is sustainable development?The Brundtland report (1987):
In other words:
Sustainable development is about ensuring abetter quality of life for everyone, now and for
generations to come.Government of the United Kingdom
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Sustainable developmentustainable development the triple bottom linehe triple bottom line
The challenge is to link and balance the interdependent
economic, social and environmental dimensions.
Environmental
Performance
Social
Responsibility
Economic Growth
The Brundtland definition implied a shift from an idea ofsustainability as primarily environmental, to a frameworkthat also emphasizes economic and social issues.
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TodayTodays World Averages World Average
Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC)
1.500 kg natural minerals
limestone, clay, bauxite,
gypsum
4.800 MJ fossil fuels
coal, oil, gas
900 kg
CO2
1.000 kgOPC cement
SD challenges for the cementD challenges for the cementindustryndustry
Cement companies deal daily witha diverse set of business issues:
climate change,
employee health and safety, emissions,
resource efficiency and landuse.
Cement industry must understandand meet societys increasingexpectations for responsiblebusinesses.
Sustainable development provides a framework for addressing
these key environmental, economic and social issues.
Cement is an essentialmaterial, but itsmanufacture is a resourceand energy intensive
process.
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Imagine The Civilized World Withoutmagine The Civilized World WithoutConcreteoncrete
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Creating a balance in
satisfying the two importantneeds of society
Building aninfrastructure to
support our
desired standardof living
Protection of ourenvironment and
efficient use of
our naturalresources
In Balance
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Concrete is the Material of Choiceoncrete is the Material of Choiceoncrete is the Material of ChoiceAvailability
VersatilityCost Effective
Can Be Durable
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Culture and designCulture and design
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Sports Palace in Romeports Palace in Rome
Nervi was a pioneer of ferro-cemento or reinforced
mortar, where thin metallicmeshes are embedded in a
mortar to form structuralelements with high ductility
and crack-resistance
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Design workesign work
Thin panels were created with great flexibility, elasticity, andstrength capacity. The Palazzo dello Sport built with a 100-
m span and seating for 16,000 is a beautiful example ofusing such structural system.
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World Trade CenterSeptember 11, 2001
Collapse of total str. (Oh no!)Local damage
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Energy Considerationsnergy ConsiderationsEnergy content charged to concrete
kwh/m3 kwh/ton
Cement,
250 to 500 kg/m3 concrete
330-660 137-275
Aggregate
1750-1950 kg/m3
20 8
Production and handling
concrete
90 37
TOTAL 440-770 182-320
In these calculations the energy content of cement is assumed to be 1300 kwh/ton.The energy content of steel is 8000 kwh/ton; six times the amount of cement and 25-40 times of concrete.
Reinforced concrete: 800-3200 kwh/m3 Prestressed concrete: 700-1700 kwh/m3
Example:Example: 1m-high column resisting a 1000 ton load:Unreinforced concrete: 70 liters of oil, Brick: 210 liters of oilSteel: 320 liters of oil
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Asphalt
Concrete
Wood
Steel
Glass
Plastic
Aluminum
Competitive Alternate MaterialsCompetitive Alternate Materials
It is estimated that the present
consumption of concrete in the world is ofthe order of 10 billion tonnes (12 billiontons) every year.
Humans consume no material except waterin such tremendous quantities
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Recently, severe deteriorations in concrete structures, such asbridges, buildings etc., has been criticized in major mass media in
Korea : Korea is the Republic of Concrete .
However
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Environmental issue..nvironmental issue..
Same in Japan
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Recently, early deterioration of concrete structures, such as bridges,tunnels, etc., has become a big problem criticized in mass media in
Japan. Concrete Structures are Dangerous
Same in Japan .
Same in the world too!
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War against Corrosion of Concrete Structures in All Over the
World
Same in the world, too!
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Who are responsible for the sustainable
development?
Who are responsible for the problem of
concrete structures? and
What can you do to solve this problem?
Understanding of concrete behavior!nderstanding of concrete behavior!
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Microstructure of Concrete
Structural Performance
Durability
Birth
Death
Life Cycle OF CONCRETEife Cycle OF CONCRETE