Ch.1 Matter and Ch.1 Matter and ChangeChange

1.3 Elements1.3 Elements

ElementsElements elements are pure substanceselements are pure substances organized by properties on periodic organized by properties on periodic

tabletable

ElementsElements

each square shows the name each square shows the name and letter symbol for each and letter symbol for each elementelement

usually the symbols relate to the usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come English names but some come from older names (usually Latin)from older names (usually Latin) Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurumEx: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

GroupsGroups also called also called

familiesfamilies vertical columnsvertical columns numbered 1numbered 11818 have similar have similar

chemical chemical propertiesproperties

PeriodsPeriods horizontal rowshorizontal rows properties properties

changes changes consistently consistently across a periodacross a period

numbered 1-7numbered 1-7

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

two rows below the periodic table are two rows below the periodic table are the the lanthanide and actinide serieslanthanide and actinide series

these rows fit after #57 and #89these rows fit after #57 and #89

they are only at the bottom to keep they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smallerthe width of the chart smaller

Types of Elements Types of Elements

MetalsMetals an element that is a good an element that is a good

conductor of electricityconductor of electricity at room temperature, most are at room temperature, most are

solidssolids malleablemalleable- can be rolled or - can be rolled or

hammered into sheetshammered into sheets ductileductile- can be made into wire- can be made into wire high high tensile strength-tensile strength- can resist can resist

breakage when pulledbreakage when pulled most have silvery or grayish white most have silvery or grayish white

lusterluster

Types of ElementsTypes of Elements

NonmetalsNonmetals an element that is a poor conductor of an element that is a poor conductor of

heat and electricityheat and electricity many are gases at room temperaturemany are gases at room temperature some are solids: usually brittle, not some are solids: usually brittle, not

malleablemalleable

Types of ElementsTypes of Elements

MetalloidsMetalloids an element that has some characteristics an element that has some characteristics

of metals and nonmetalsof metals and nonmetals appear along staricase lineappear along staricase line B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, TeB, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te all are solids at room temperatureall are solids at room temperature less malleable that metals but less brittle less malleable that metals but less brittle

than nonmetalsthan nonmetals are semiconductorsare semiconductors

Types of ElementsTypes of Elements

Noble GasesNoble Gases generally unreactive gasesgenerally unreactive gases in far right column of periodic table in far right column of periodic table

(Group 18)(Group 18)