ch.12.less.5.how do we use electricity and magnetism (part 1)
DESCRIPTION
circuits, conductors and insulators and types of electricity.TRANSCRIPT
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HOW DO WE USE ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM? (PART 1)Chapter 12: Lesson 5:
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WHAT IS MATTER?Matter is everything around us that has
mass and volume
Recap
WHAT IS MATTER MADE OF?
Matter is made of very small building blocks called ‘ATOMS’
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WHAT ARE ATOMS?
•Smallest part of any matter•Cannot be seen with a normal microscope (use electron microscope)
•Example:Oxygen CarbonN.B. Water (H₂O)is made of 1 atom of oxygen and 2 atoms of hydrogen)
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WHAT DO ATOMS LOOK LIKE?
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ATOMS…
•Have neutrons, protons, and electrons.•Protons are positively (+) charged •Electrons are negatively (-) charged
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Positive and Negative Charge
Opposites charges attract
Same charges repel
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STATIC ELECTRICITY
•The build up of an electric charge on the surface of an object.
•The charge builds up but does not flow.•Static electricity does not move. It is stored.
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EXAMPLES OF STATIC
ELECTRICITY
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Try rubbing a balloon against a wool cloth
Place the balloon over anybody’s hair
and watch what happens
1) BALLOON EXPERIMENT
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When we rub the balloon against a
wool cloth, the balloon gains a
negative charge (-)
The (-) charge in the balloon attracts the
(+) charge in the hair causing the hair to
stand.
EXPLANATION
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Try rubbing a comb against a wool cloth
The comb will gain a negative charge
Bring the comb near some pieces of paper
2) COMB EXPERIMENT
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Initially the paper is uncharged, but the comb attracts the positive
charges in the paper and repels the negative charges.
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Rubbing of rain drops and ice inside a
storm cloud
When the (-) charges get large enough they jump to the ground as
lightning.9
3) LIGHTNING(IS CAUSED BY)
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CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(CURRENT ELECTRICITY)•A flow of electrical charges through a circuit.
(Circuit is a path along which electric current flows)
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Circuits should have 3 parts
Power sourceBattery (cell)
LoadBulb / Motor
ConnectorsWires
Power source
Load
Connectors
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Types of circuits
Open circuitsBroken circuits (Incomplete)
Closed circuitsUnbroken circuits
(Complete)
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CIRCUITS’ SYMBOLS:
1) Battery
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2) Bulb
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3) Wires
(A straight line)
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4) Switch (off)
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5) Switch (on)
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6) Motor
7) Buzzer
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SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
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SERIES CIRCUIT
• Series circuit - has only one path through which the electricity can flow.
• In the above diagram, the electricity flows through both loads.
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PARALLEL CIRCUITS
• A parallel circuit has multiple paths through which the electricity can flow.
• In a parallel circuit, the current though one path may be different than the current through the other path.
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PARALLEL CIRCUIT
• Place two bulbs in parallel. What do you notice about the brightness of the bulbs?
• Add a third light bulb in the circuit. What do you notice about the brightness of the bulbs?
• Remove the middle bulb from the circuit. What happened?
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SIMPLE CIRCUITS
• Series circuit• All in a row• 1 path for electricity• 1 light goes out and
the circuit is broken
• Parallel circuit• Many paths for
electricity• 1 light goes out and
the others stay on
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Conductors and Insulators
A conductor is a substance through which electric charge flows readily. An insulator is a substance that strongly resists the flow of electric charge.