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Ch.14 Supplement

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The most common diagnosis of illness is the question: Do you have a fever? The healthy temperature range of the human body is 35.8 o C-37.2 o C (96.5 o F-99 o F) In real practice, it is very difficult to maintain near constant temperature of a system Body performs this task flawlessly The narrow temperature range is essential to proper muscle function and to control the kinetics of biochemical reactions The portion of the brain stem called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature

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Heat is transferred from the body to its surroundings by convection and evaporation. Convection is direct heat transfer to the surrounding air Evaporative heat loss occurs when sweat is generated. The water in sweat absorbs our discharged heat, as shown below During high exhaustion, the body can secrete as much as 4L of water per hour. +The bodys water must be replenished! Without water, the body can not cool itself and the blood volume decreases, causing heat stroke.

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Because carbohydrates break down rapidly, their energy is quickly supplied to the body, and only a small amount of carbohydrate is stored. Unused energy is stored as fat. Like carbs, fats also produce energy (ex. tristearin) Fats serve as the bodys energy reserve. They are insoluble in water (nonpolar) which prevent them from being flushed out in urine, and they are very energy rich.

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When you eat protein, your body breaks it down into amino acids that are used for several purposes. Protein can provide your body with energy when necessary, but you should not rely on protein as a primary energy source because it has more important physiological roles to play

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Structure Structural proteins can be found in every cell in the human body. These proteins make up connective tissues, hail, nails, skin and muscles. These proteins enable body movement. As much as 16% of body weight is accounted for by structural proteins. Immunity When your body is exposed to bacteria and viruses, your immune system sends out proteins called antibodies. These antibodies seek out and attack the invading species to multiplying and causing illness. Transport Proteins carry Na + and K + in and out of cells in order to maintain electrolyte balance. Hemoglobin carries O 2 from your lungs to your cells and also takes carbon dioxide from your cells to your lungs, so that it can be expelled from the body.

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1 Food Calorie = 4184 J Energy SourceEnergy Content (J/g) Carbohydrate17000 Fat38000 Protein17000 The average person needs 100 kJ of energy per kg of body mass to function at a minimum level (i.e. stay alive)

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Estimate the energy content based on the numbers provided and compare to the approximate calorie content shown? How many grams of cheerios would you need to eat to run 2.5 miles assuming the body uses 105 FCal/mi?