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William Stallings

Computer Organizationand Architecture

Chapter 1Introduction

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Architecture & Organization 1

Architecture is those attributes visible to theprogrammer

Instruction set, number of bits used for datarepresentation, I/O mechanisms, addressingtechniques.

e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

Organization is how features are implementedControl signals, interfaces, memory technology.

e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done byrepeated addition?

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Architecture & Organization 2

All Intel x86 family share the same basicarchitecture

The IBM System/370 family share the samebasic architecture

This gives code compatibility

At least backwards

Organization differs between different versions

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Structure & Function

Structure is the way in which components relateto each other

Function is the operation of individualcomponents as part of the structure

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Function

All computer functions are:

Data processing

Data storageData movement

Control

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Functional view

Functional view of a computer

Data

Movement

ApparatusControlMechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

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Operations (1)

Data movement

e.g. keyboard to screen

Data

Movement

ApparatusControlMechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

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Operations (2)

Storage

e.g. Internet download to disk

Data

Movement

ApparatusControlMechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

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Operation (3)

Processing from/to storage

e.g. updating bank statement

Data

Movement

ApparatusControlMechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

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Operation (4)

Processing from storage to I/O

e.g. printing a bank statement

Data

Movement

ApparatusControlMechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

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Structure - Top Level

Computer

MainMemory

Input

Output

Systems

Interconnection

Peripherals

Communication

lines

CentralProcessing

Unit

Computer

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Structure - The CPU

Computer ArithmeticandLogin Unit

Control

Unit

Internal CPU

Interconnection

Registers

CPU

I/O

Memory

System

Bus

CPU

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Structure - The Control Unit

CPU

Control

Memory

Control Unit

Registers and

Decoders

Sequencing

Login

Control

Unit

ALU

Registers

Internal

Bus

Control Unit

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Outline of the Book (1)

Computer Evolution and Performance

Computer Interconnection Structures

Internal MemoryExternal Memory

Input/Output

Operating Systems SupportComputer Arithmetic

Instruction Sets

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Outline of the Book (2 )

CPU Structure and Function

Reduced Instruction Set Computers

Superscalar ProcessorsControl Unit Operation

Microprogrammed Control

Multiprocessors and Vector ProcessingDigital Logic (Appendix)

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Internet Resources

- Web site for book

http://www.shore.net/~ws/COA5e.html

links to sites of interest

links to sites for courses that use the book

errata list for book

information on other books by W. Stallings

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Internet Resources

- Web sites to look for

WWW Computer Architecture Home Page

CPU Info Center

ACM Special Interest Group on ComputerArchitecture

IEEE Technical Committee on ComputerArchitecture

Intel Technology Journal

Manufacturers sites

Intel, IBM, etc.

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Internet Resources

- Usenet News Groups

comp.arch

comp.arch.arithmetic

comp.arch.storage