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Models of Earth

Key Concepts

• How do maps and globes represent Earth’s surface?

• What reference lines are used to locate points on Earth?

• What are three common map projections?

Key Terms• Map• Globe• Scale• Symbol• Key• Degree• Equator• Hemisphere• Prime meridian• Latitude• Longitude• Map projection

Ch2 Sec2

• Map: is a flat model of all or part of Earth’s surface as seen from above

• Globe: is a sphere that represents Earth’s entire surface• Maps and globes are drawn to scale and use symbols to

represent topography and other features on Earth’s surface

• Scale: relates distance on a map to a distance on Earth’s a surface

• Symbols: mapmakers use shapes and pictures• Key: or legend, is a list of all the symbols used on the map

with an explanation of their meaning

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• Two of the lines that make up the grid, the equator and prime meridian, are the baselines for measuring distances on Earth’s surface

• Degree: is 1/360 of the distance around a circle• Equator: forms an imaginary line that circles Earth• Hemisphere: is one half of the sphere that makes

up Earth’s surface• Prime meridian: makes a half circle from the

North Pole to the South Pole

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• The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on earth

• Latitude: the equator is the starting line for measuring

• Longitude: the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian

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• Map projection: is a framework of lines that helps in transferring points on Earth’s 3-dimensional surface onto a flat map

• Three common map projections are the Mercator projection, the Equal-Area projection, and the Conic projection