CH.23-An Era CH.23-An Era of Social of Social ChangeChange

The Counterculture and The Counterculture and Continuing Social Continuing Social

MovementsMovements

Ch 23 Sec 1 Latinos and Ch 23 Sec 1 Latinos and Native American Seek Native American Seek

EqualityEquality How did the population of How did the population of Latinos Latinos

grow in the US during in the grow in the US during in the 1960’s?1960’s?

How did How did LatinosLatinos fight for Civil fight for Civil Rights?Rights?

How did How did Native AmericansNative Americans secure secure reforms of US government policy?reforms of US government policy?

How did How did Gay/LesbianGay/Lesbian Americans Americans fight for equal rights?fight for equal rights?

Latinos of Varied OriginsLatinos of Varied Origins Mexican Americans – 1miilion came in Mexican Americans – 1miilion came in

1910’s following the Mexican 1910’s following the Mexican Revolution, some came in the 1940’s Revolution, some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as and 1950’s as braceros,braceros, and 1 million and 1 million came in the 60’scame in the 60’s

Puerto Ricans began immigrating after Puerto Ricans began immigrating after the Spanish American War of 1898, and the Spanish American War of 1898, and by 1960’s 1miilion in the US (1/2 NYC)by 1960’s 1miilion in the US (1/2 NYC)

Cubans fled Castro after 1959 and large Cubans fled Castro after 1959 and large communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJcommunities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ

During the 1960’s thousand of Central During the 1960’s thousand of Central and South American emigratedand South American emigrated

Most Latinos lived in Most Latinos lived in barrios barrios

Latinos Fight For ChangeLatinos Fight For Change In 1966 In 1966 Cesar ChavezCesar Chavez and and Dolores Dolores

HuertaHuerta merged their new unions to form merged their new unions to form the the United Farm Workers Organizing United Farm Workers Organizing CommitteeCommittee

Chavez believed in non-violence in Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with California’s large fruit and dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)

In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took off, took off, “Brown Power”“Brown Power” and the and the “Brown “Brown Berets”Berets” demanded Spanish speaking demanded Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at classes and Chicano studies programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)

Latino Political PowerLatino Political Power During the 1960’s eight Hispanic During the 1960’s eight Hispanic

Americans served in the House and Americans served in the House and Joseph was elected to the SenateJoseph was elected to the Senate

In the 1940’s and 1950’s the In the 1940’s and 1950’s the League of League of United Latin American CitizensUnited Latin American Citizens fought fought in the courts for school desegregation in the courts for school desegregation and gov. fundingand gov. funding

In the 1970’s In the 1970’s La Raza UnidaLa Raza Unida ( Mexican ( Mexican Americans United) ran Mexican Americans United) ran Mexican Candidates in many local electionsCandidates in many local elections

In 1963 the more radical In 1963 the more radical Alianza Alianza Federal de MercedesFederal de Mercedes seized a Texas seized a Texas courthousecourthouse

Native Americans Fight For Native Americans Fight For EqualityEquality Native Americans suffered the Native Americans suffered the

highest unemployment rates, highest unemployment rates, alcoholism, infant mortality rates alcoholism, infant mortality rates and suicidesand suicides

In 1954 Native Americans had to In 1954 Native Americans had to deal with the government’s deal with the government’s Termination PolicyTermination Policy

In 1961 reps from 61 tribes drafted In 1961 reps from 61 tribes drafted the Declaration of Indian Purposethe Declaration of Indian Purpose

In 1968 LBJ established the In 1968 LBJ established the National Council on Indian National Council on Indian OpportunityOpportunity

Voices of ProtestsVoices of Protests In 1968 the In 1968 the AIM (American Indian AIM (American Indian

Movement)Movement) was formed to demand was formed to demand lands, burial grounds, fishing/ timber lands, burial grounds, fishing/ timber rights, and a respect of their culture rights, and a respect of their culture ((George Mitchell and Dennis Banks)George Mitchell and Dennis Banks)

In 1972, AIM leader In 1972, AIM leader Russell MeadsRussell Meads organized organized “The Trail of Broken “The Trail of Broken TreatiesTreaties” march on DC ( Occupied the ” march on DC ( Occupied the BIA building)BIA building)

In 1973, the AIM led 200 Sioux to In 1973, the AIM led 200 Sioux to occupy occupy Wounded Knee, SDWounded Knee, SD where a where a massacre of Sioux had occurred in 1890massacre of Sioux had occurred in 1890

After negotiations a shootout with the After negotiations a shootout with the FBI left 2 dead, and many woundedFBI left 2 dead, and many wounded

““Red Power”Red Power” Russell Means Dennis Russell Means Dennis

BanksBanks

Native American Native American VictoriesVictories In 1975 Congress passed the In 1975 Congress passed the Indian-Indian-

Self-Determination and Education ActSelf-Determination and Education Act which gave tribes control to govern which gave tribes control to govern their own affairs including educationtheir own affairs including education

In 1970 the Taos of NM regained In 1970 the Taos of NM regained sacred Blue Lake Landsacred Blue Lake Land

In 1971 the Alaska Native Claims In 1971 the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act gave 40million acres Settlement Act gave 40million acres and $962 millionand $962 million

Political Representation improved by Political Representation improved by working through the system (Ex. working through the system (Ex. Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell)Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell)

The Asian American The Asian American MovementMovement In 1968 the In 1968 the Asian American Political Asian American Political

AllianceAlliance (AAPA) was founded at (AAPA) was founded at Berkley which unified Chinese, Berkley which unified Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Filipino activistsJapanese, Korean and Filipino activists

Protested the Vietnam War and racism Protested the Vietnam War and racism directed at Asiansdirected at Asians

1969 “Shut it Down” strikes at Berkley1969 “Shut it Down” strikes at Berkley ““Yellow Power” Conference to learn of Yellow Power” Conference to learn of

Asian American history and destinyAsian American history and destiny 1968 San Francisco’s Chinatown 1968 San Francisco’s Chinatown

Grievances (Housing and Medicine)Grievances (Housing and Medicine) Japanese American Citizens League Japanese American Citizens League

brought forth the issue of internmentbrought forth the issue of internment

The Gay Liberation The Gay Liberation MovementMovement In the 1950’s the In the 1950’s the Mattachine SocietyMattachine Society and and

the the Daughters of BilitisDaughters of Bilitis were campaigning were campaigning to reduce discrimination towards G/Lto reduce discrimination towards G/L

1960’s The Society for Individual Rights 1960’s The Society for Individual Rights was founded in Greenwich Village/SFwas founded in Greenwich Village/SF

June ,1969 the June ,1969 the Stonewall Inn RiotStonewall Inn Riot in NYC in NYC pitted aggressive police against bar pitted aggressive police against bar patrons “Gay Power” appearedpatrons “Gay Power” appeared

After Stonewall the After Stonewall the Gay Liberation FrontGay Liberation Front (GLF) was formed (Gay Pride Marches)(GLF) was formed (Gay Pride Marches)

In 1975 the Gov. ended its ban on In 1975 the Gov. ended its ban on employment of G/Lemployment of G/L

Ch 23 Sec 2 Women Ch 23 Sec 2 Women Fight for EqualityFight for Equality

What factors led to the What factors led to the women’s women’s movementmovement of the 1960’s? of the 1960’s?

What were some early gains and What were some early gains and some losses within the women’s some losses within the women’s movement?movement?

What was the legacy of the What was the legacy of the women’s movement in women’s movement in employment, education, and employment, education, and politicspolitics??

Women Fight for Women Fight for EqualityEquality In 1920 the 19In 1920 the 19thth Amendment was Amendment was

passed giving women the right to vote passed giving women the right to vote (Women’s Suffrage)(Women’s Suffrage)

In the 1960’s In the 1960’s Feminism was the belief Feminism was the belief that women should have economic, that women should have economic, political, and social equality with menpolitical, and social equality with men

In 1963 In 1963 Betty Friedan’sBetty Friedan’s Feminine Feminine Mystique Mystique identified the “problem that identified the “problem that has no name” Women were not happy has no name” Women were not happy in the 1950’s (Men’s work v Women’s in the 1950’s (Men’s work v Women’s work)work)

In the 1960’s women were forced into In the 1960’s women were forced into clerical work, retail, social work, clerical work, retail, social work, nursing, and teachingnursing, and teaching

Women’s Activism of the Women’s Activism of the 1960’s1960’s

Women were members of SNCC and SDS, Women were members of SNCC and SDS, and active in the civil rights movementand active in the civil rights movement

In 1966 28 women including Friedan In 1966 28 women including Friedan founded the founded the National Organization for National Organization for Women (NOW)Women (NOW)

NOW fought against gender bias in NOW fought against gender bias in hiring and in the workplace and pushed hiring and in the workplace and pushed for child-care facilitiesfor child-care facilities

In 1968 the New York Radical Women In 1968 the New York Radical Women protested the Miss America Pageant in protested the Miss America Pageant in ACAC

““Women’s Garbage” into “Freedom’s Women’s Garbage” into “Freedom’s Trashcan”Trashcan”

In 1969, a In 1969, a journalist and journalist and political activist political activist Gloria SteinemGloria Steinem joined the feminist joined the feminist movementmovement

She founded the She founded the National Women’s National Women’s Party CaucusParty Caucus

In 1972 she In 1972 she founded and wrote founded and wrote for Ms. (Women’s for Ms. (Women’s Magazine) Magazine)

Roe V WadeRoe V Wade Feminist groups supported a Feminist groups supported a

woman’s right to chose to have an woman’s right to chose to have an abortion abortion

In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the feministsfavor of the feminists

Extremely ControversialExtremely Controversial Pro-Choice v Pro-LifePro-Choice v Pro-Life

The Equal Rights Amendment The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)(ERA) Congress passed the Congress passed the ERAERA in 1972, it in 1972, it

was first introduced in 1923 (Men and was first introduced in 1923 (Men and Women same rights and protections)Women same rights and protections)

38 states needed to ratify it to make it 38 states needed to ratify it to make it part of the Constitution ( 35 received)part of the Constitution ( 35 received)

A A Stop-ERAStop-ERA campaign was launched by campaign was launched by conservative religious groups, and conservative religious groups, and anti-feminists led by anti-feminists led by Phyllis SchlaflyPhyllis Schlafly

Radical Feminist “hate men, marriage, Radical Feminist “hate men, marriage, and children”and children”

Fears of women being drafted, no Fears of women being drafted, no husband responsibility, and possible husband responsibility, and possible same-sex marriagessame-sex marriages

The New Right EmergesThe New Right Emerges In order to combat pro-In order to combat pro-

choice and the ERA choice and the ERA conservatives formed conservatives formed the “pro-family” the “pro-family” movement which movement which became the became the New RightNew Right (Social Conservatism (Social Conservatism when dealing with when dealing with social, cultural, and social, cultural, and moral problems)moral problems)

They debated family They debated family centered issues and centered issues and played key role in Pres. played key role in Pres. Reagan’s election in Reagan’s election in 19801980

Ch 23 Sec 3 The Ch 23 Sec 3 The CountercultureCounterculture

What was the counterculture What was the counterculture of the 1960’s?of the 1960’s?

What was its impact on art, What was its impact on art, fashion, music and attitudes?fashion, music and attitudes?

What was the conservative What was the conservative response or “backlash” to the response or “backlash” to the counterculture?counterculture?

The Counterculture of the The Counterculture of the 1960’s1960’s

CountercultureCounterculture was a movement was a movement made up of mostly white, middle-made up of mostly white, middle-class college young people who were class college young people who were disillusioned with the war and disillusioned with the war and injustices of societyinjustices of society

They turned their backs on They turned their backs on traditional American and founded a traditional American and founded a society based on peace and lovesociety based on peace and love

HippiesHippies

Materialism, Materialism, Technology, and Technology, and war were hollowwar were hollow

Harvard Psychology Harvard Psychology and counterculture and counterculture philosopher Dr. philosopher Dr. Timothy Leary Timothy Leary urged the youth to urged the youth to “Tune in, Turn On, “Tune in, Turn On, Drop Out!”Drop Out!”

Many left home, Many left home, work, and school to work, and school to create an ideal create an ideal community of peace community of peace love and harmonylove and harmony

Hippie CultureHippie Culture The Age of AquariusThe Age of Aquarius Rock ’n’ Roll MusicRock ’n’ Roll Music Sexual Revolution (Free Love)Sexual Revolution (Free Love) Marijuana and LSD ( Illegal Drugs)Marijuana and LSD ( Illegal Drugs) Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism)Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism) Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts,

military garments, love beads and military garments, love beads and muslin shirtsmuslin shirts

Long hair and beardsLong hair and beards Many joined communesMany joined communes Haight-Asbury District of SFHaight-Asbury District of SF

Art of the 1960’sArt of the 1960’s Pop-Art by Andy Pop-Art by Andy

WarholWarhol

                                                                                                              

Music of the 1960’sMusic of the 1960’s The music was a form of protest that The music was a form of protest that

grew out of African-American rhythm grew out of African-American rhythm and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock)and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock)

The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and the Rolling StonesJoan Baez and the Rolling Stones

In 1969 the appex of the In 1969 the appex of the counterculture was the music festival counterculture was the music festival WoodstockWoodstock

The 1970 Concert at The 1970 Concert at AltamontAltamont Speedway was a disaster and ended Speedway was a disaster and ended the era of peace and lovethe era of peace and love

The Conservative The Conservative ResponseResponse Nixon, AgnewNixon, Agnew and J and J

Edgar Hoover Edgar Hoover expressed anger and expressed anger and concern over the concern over the counterculture and the counterculture and the threat to traditional threat to traditional valuesvalues

Many saw the values Many saw the values as decadent, un-as decadent, un-American, immature American, immature and irresponsibleand irresponsible

Conservatives Conservatives presented their own presented their own solutions to crime and solutions to crime and lawlessnesslawlessness