ch.28 s.2 eastern europe cristopher monteza
TRANSCRIPT
Eastern Europe
Chapter 28 Section 2
Cristopher Monteza
Period 2
March 24,2009
Vocabulary
• Ethnic Cleansing- A policy of killing or
forcibly removing an ethnic group from its
lands.
• Autonomous- Self-governing.
Maps
Famous People• Lech Walesa- A worker that organized a national trade union
known as Solidarity.
• Václav Havel- A writer who had played an important role in bringing down the
communist government of Czechoslovakia.
Famous People
• Slobodan Milošević- He became leader
of the Yugoslav republic of Serbia
in 1987.
Revolutions inEastern Europe• After Gorbachev said that the
Soviet Union wouldn’t intervene militarily in their states,revolutions started
appearing throughout Eastern Europe.
Poland
• Workers’ protests asked for changes in
Poland. • A national trade union
known as Solidarity was created by Lech
Walesa and gained the support of workers and of the Roman Catholic Church.
Poland• In 1988, a new government
was elected, ending 45 years of Communist rule in Poland.
• When Walesa was president, free-market reforms led to
unemployment.• After Walesa, a new president
continued Poland’s move toward an increasingly free
market economy.
Czechoslovakia• After Soviet troops
crushed the reform movement in
Czechoslovakia in 1968, Communists used
massive repression to maintain their power.
• In December 1989, the government collapsed
thanks to mass demonstrations.
Czechoslovakia• Two national groups,
Czechs and Slovaks, agreed to a peaceful
division of the country.• In 1993, Czechoslovakia
split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Romania• In 1965, the Communist
leader Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife set up a
dictatorship in Romania.
• He used secret police to solve all problems.
• His economic policies led to food shortages and the rationing of
bread, flour, and sugar.
Romania• He had a plan to build
more cities, which called for the bulldozing of
entire villages.• Later on, the army refused
to help the government.• Ceausescu and his wife
were captured on December 22 and
executed on Christmas Day.
German Reunification• In 1971, Erich Honecker
became head of the Communist party in East
Germany.• In 1989, however, popular unrest led many
East Germans to flee their country.
• Mass demonstrations broke out in 1989.
German Reunification• The communist
government opened its entire border with the West on November 9.
• The Christian Democrats supported political union
with West Germany.• The reunification of East
and West took place on October 3, 1990.
The Disintegration of Yugoslovia
• Although Yugoslavia had a Communist
government, it had never been a Soviet satellite
state.• Its dictorial leader, Josip
Broz Tito, worked to keep the six republics and two provinces that made up Yugoslavia
together.
The Disintegration of Yugoslavia
• After Tito died in 1980, the federal government kept Yugoslavia under
Communist rule.• By 1990, Yugoslavia was
caught up in the reform movements moving
thorugh Europe and the authority of the
Communist Party had collapsed.
Calls for Independence• In 1990, the Yugoslav
republics of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and
Macedonia wanted to have independence.
• Slobodan Milosevic, leader of the Yugoslav republic, rejected these
efforts.
Calls for Independence• In June 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared their
independence.• In September 1991,
Yugoslavia attacked Croatia.Yugoslavia was later assaulted by Serbia and Serbian minorities.• Serbian forces had controlled one-third of
Croatia’s territory.
The War in Bosnia• In 1993, Serbian forces
had fought Bosnia-Herzegovina and had obtained 70 percent of
Bosnian territory.• The Serbs followed a
policy known as ethnic cleansing and they killed about 250,000 Bosnians
by 1995.
The War in Bosnia• In 1995, Bosnian and Croatian forces reganied their territory that they
lost to the Serbian forces.• This forced the Serbs to
sign a treaty that would split Bosnia into a Serb republic and a Muslim-
Croat federation.
The War in Kosovo• Of course, the peace did
not happen very long. A new war happened in
Kosova. • In 1974, the communist
leader, Tito, had made Kosova a self-governing
province within Yugoslovia.
The War in Kosovo
• In 1989, Milosevic stripped Kosova of its autonomy. Despite the ruling, they regained their autonomy in Serbia in 1999.
Mix and Match
• He became the new president of Czechoslovakia in December 1989.
• A policy of killing or forcibly removing an ethnic group from its land.
• He organized a national trade union known as Solidarity.
• Self-governing
• The leader of the Yugoslav republic of Serbia in 1987.
• A.Autonomous
• B.Slobodan Milosevic
• C.Ethnic Cleansing
• D.Lech Walesa
• E.Vaclav Havel
Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice