ch.3: volcanoes and the rock cycle lesson 3: the causes and prediction of volcanic eruptions
TRANSCRIPT
Ch.3: Volcanoes and the Rock Cycle
Lesson 3:The causes and prediction of
Volcanic Eruptions
Active/Dormant Volcanoes
Hot Spots
Question #1
• Pressure• Non-explosive (shield or cinder-cones)• (Magma comes from the upper mantle,
which has a low to medium viscosity and low to medium gas.)
Question #2
• Temperature• Non-explosive (shield or cinder-cone)• (Magma comes from deeper in the mantle
and tends to have low viscosity.)
Question #3
• Water• Melting point• (Subducting crust is oceanic, and so the
rock is well hydrated with water, which is released as vapor during subduction.)
Question #4
• Explosive (composite or cinder-cone)• 80%
Question #5
• Pacific • Ring of Fire• (Most coastlines along the Pacific are
within subduction zones except for California.)
The Ring of Fire
Hot Spots
Question #6
• 15 % (most located in Iceland and Eastern Africa).
• 5 % (most form islands such as Hawaii, Easter isles, Galapogos, Canary, Tahiti, etc.)– Note: a single hot spot can form multiple
islands as the plate moves over it. – Bill Nye volcano (3:28)
Question #7
• Extinct• Active• Dormant (sleeping)
Question #8
• Earthquakes• Frequency and intensity
Question #9
• Volcanic gases• Sulfur dioxide (SO2) to Carbon dioxide
(CO2).• Increase
Question #10
• Swell or bulge.• Tiltmeter• Tiltmeters bounce laser beams off
reflectors positioned on the mountain that can measure a few milimeters of ground movement.
Question #11
• Infrared • temperature
Infrared Satellite image