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Ch.6 Civil War and Reconstruction

• By Matthew Pippin

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Bloodiest battle of the Civil War

• Shiloh (April 6-7, 1862)

• 20,000 soldiers died

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Bloodiest one day battle in the history of U.S

• Battle of Antietam• Sept. 17, 1862• Battle plans of south

had fallen into the hands of Northern soldiers.

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After a victory at this battle, the Union gained control of the

Mississippi River.

• Battle of Vicksburg• May 15-July 4, 1863

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Battle that marked the turning point of the Civil War

• Battle of Gettysburg • South no longer had

the ability to launch an offensive into the Union territory

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March made during civil war that destroyed everything in a 60 mile wide path from

Chattanooga, Tennessee, through Atlanta, to Savannah, Georgia.

• Sherman’s March to the Sea. May-December, 1864

• The brutal destruction of southern towns created bitterness between North and South that exists to some degree today.

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Site where Lee surrendered to Grand ending the Civil War

• Appomattox Courthouse

• April 9,1865

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Guarantees that a person can not be imprisoned without appearing in

court.

• Right of Habeas Corpus

• Lincoln suspended it in Maryland to stop confederate support there.

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Act that said that anyone who agreed to cultivate 160 acres of land for five years would own it.

• Homestead Act of 1862

• Greatly increased the settlement of the west.

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Act that allotted each state thousands of acres that was used

to fund one public university

• Morrill Land Grant Act

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Proclamation that freed the slaves in the Confederate States, wile maintaining slavery

in the border states.

• Emancipation Proclamation

• Done to give civil war a moral focus beyond saving the union

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Amendment that abolished slavery

• 13th amendment

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A Bureau that was formed after the civil war to help people with basic necessities such as food,

schools for blacks, medical care, and find work for

free Blacks.

• Freedman’s Bureau

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Person who farms a piece of land for the land owner and pays with a

portion of the crop

• Sharecropper

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Person who assassinated President Lincoln

• John Wilkes Booth

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Southern sympathizer who became president after death of Lincoln

• Vice President Andrew Johnson

• Wanted mild reconstruction that kept blacks out of office.

• Allowed southern states to enter union under Lincoln’s plan of reconstruction

• Congress refused and started their own form of reconstruction.

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Series of laws passed by southern states that made blacks second

class citizens.

• Black codes

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Radical ReconstructionCongress passed the Wade-Davis

bill.

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Passed on June 13,1866,stated that “All persons born or naturalized

in the U.S. are Citizens”• 14th Amendment

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Features of Reconstruction Act

• With exception of Tennessee, all former Confederate states would be in five military districts

• Southern states would not be readmitted until they ratified the 14th amendment

• Black Citizens must be granted the right to vote

• Former Confederate officials could not hold public office.

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People who came from the north to do business in the south after civil

war

Carpetbaggers

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Southerners who supported Reconstruction after civil war

• Scalawags

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Founded in 1866 it used terrorism and violence to intimidate blacks and designed to remove from

power the people in Reconstruction government.

• Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

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Act passed by President Grant that allowed Martial Law to be declared if civil rights of Blacks was

interfered with.

• Punitive Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.

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Compromise that despite political corruption allowed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to win the

presidency and ended Reconstruction for the

south.• Compromise of 1877.

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Affects of Compromise of 1877

• Democrats agreed to accept the election process

• The Republicans agreed to:• 1. Appoint a southerner to

Presidents cabinet• 2. provide federal money

for railroads in the south and for flood control along Mississippi.

• 3. To withdraw federal troops from the south.

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Laws passed by southern states that required blacks to use separate public facilities and pay poll

taxes, pass literacy test to vote.

• Jim Crow Laws