chain computerisation prof. dr jan grijpink utrecht university / dutch ministry of justice
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Chain Computerisation
Prof. dr Jan Grijpink
Utrecht University / Dutch Ministry of Justice
Chain concept
What is a (value) chain?
• temporary co-operation between independent organizations
to solve a dominant chain problem a chain-wide problem that puts the whole
value chain at risk, no chain partner being able to solve it on his own
• no co-ordinating, commanding nor enforcing authority:
the dominant chain problem is the ‘boss’ but only as long as the problem has the chain
in its grip
Importance of chain thinking
Chains are becoming increasingly important:• advancing specialisation• increasing mutual dependence• mounting social demands• increasing interaction and cooperation
Chains form a difficult domain:• absence of overall authority• shared interests often limited and unclear• irrationality and unpredictability at chain level • the dominant chain problem ‘rules’ the chain!
Chain approach
Chain approach
•Irrational context •Dominant chain problem•The chain is a multi-level concept
(1) The irrational context of a chain
If:Objectives are unclear, instable or inconsistentThere is difference of opinion about the appropriate line of approach There is uncertainty about who is or should be involved
there will only be a coincidental relation between:(1) problems(2) solutions(3) participants
(4) decision situations
The enormous amount of possible coincidental combinations is limited by:- social context: habits, etc.;- social structure: formal relations, etc.;- the importance of the decision: more important decisions attract more participants
Some basic chain ‘laws’
1. Any large-scale solution is lacking of support; incremental change is the better way!
2. Do not interfere in other organisations’ internal affairs:
a. computerise before you reorganise; b. infrastructure: the leaner, the better; c. no coercion nor obligation, try pressure or rewards instead.
3. The dominant chain problem is the chain’s ‘boss’
4. A crisis can provoke change, but only temporarily
(2) The dominant chain problem determines the chain!
• the common challenge• any chain partner’s influence• which communication is critical• which chain information system is needed
As soon as another chain problem gets on top, the chain changes and every aspect with it!
a chain-wide problem that puts the whole value chain at risk, no chain partner being able to solve it on his own
Identity chain
source document
legal proofof identity
cards, PIN,personalnumbers
trans-actions
dominant chain problem:combating tampered ID-documents
document fraud
dominant chain problem : combating wrong person-right document (number, foto, etc)
identity fraud or theft
gradual shift
• base level of a value chain: bilateral communication between independent organizations working together
• chain level: common chain information systems facilitating chain-wide communication
• supra-chain level: general information systems without explicit chain relations
(3) A value chain is a multi-level concept
A chain is a multi-level concept
base level of a chain
source register
chain level
chain information system
link between a source register and a chain information system Key:
chain information system
source register
supra-chain level
Two-level computerisation for drug addicts’ health care
LCMR
Addictis
chain information systems
source registers
chain level
base level ofthe chain
Key: interface between source registers interface between a source register and a chain information system
source register chain information system
Chain information strategy
Chain computerisation for drug addicts’ health care
GPPharmacist
LCMR-nr
reference
drug addicts’ health care chain
medical file
coordinating doctor
LCMR-chip card
card number andbiometric template
Is this patient known and is he the right person?Who is his coordinator?
additional treatment advise
patient file last contact
chain levelbase level ofthe chain
base level ofthe chain
features of chain communication:alerts
• alerts are integrated in the work processes, do not require extra human effort
• critical information is offered, not te be looked for
• at the right moment and on the right place of the decision or the action, part of the workflow
• by means of a lean information infrastructure
• data are deleted after use (documentation excepted)
• no rigid follow up
Chain level
Chain computerisation for disaster prevention and management
alertalert
inspectors
mobile command center
coordinates of objects andreferences
signaling specialrisks
alert
emergency centeremergency center
advise
GIS withA referenceindex Register of objects
with special risks and their coordinatessubscription
Base level of the chain
Chain Analysis
Chain profile
• Mission• Collective challenge• Dominant chain problem• Focus group• Chain partners• Process steps• Intermediary products of a link of the chain• Critical detail• Important meeting points, portals, frontoffices• Criterion to be a chain object
Chain profile
• Mission• Collective challenge• Dominant chain problem• Focus group• Chain partners• Process steps• Intermediary products of a link of the chain• Critical detail• Important meeting points, portals, frontoffices• Criterion to be a chain object
Process structure
1 Parallel
2 Lineair
3 Convergent
4 Divergent
5 Knot
6 Wheel
Coordination profile
Coordinating mechanisms
Process structure
1 Parallel
2 Lineair
3 Convergent
4 Divergent
5 Knot
6 Wheel
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Coordination profile
Coordinating mechanisms
Process structure
1 Parallel X X
2 Lineair X X X X
3 Convergent X X X X
4 Divergent X X X X
5 Knot X X X X X X
6 Wheel X X X X X X
Pro
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Coordination profile
Coordinating mechanisms
Process structure
1 Parallel X X
2 Lineair X X X X
3 Convergent X X X X
4 Divergent X X X X
5 Knot X X X X X X
6 Wheel X X X X X X
Pro
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Pro
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Coordination profile
Information profile
crime case person
establish violation
x
investigate x
trigger a decision
x
decide x
implement x
Rehabitation x
Chain co-operation profile
phase of development
processes at chain level
Informal talks
Formal meetings
Co-decision making
Chain-project
Chain-organi-sation
Facilitating process
Main process
Policy making process
A C
D
B
E
Chain analysis procedure
Is that chain information system indispensable to bridge fault lines in the chain’s information structure?
Chain analysis procedure
What is the dominant chain problem?
Which chain parties are involved?
What are the steps in the chain process?
What is the critical information?
Who has it? Who needs it?
Which chain information system is needed?
Is that chain information system indispensable to coordinate the chain collaboration?
Is it feasible as common chain facility?