chairman & members from karnataka electricity regulatory commission
DESCRIPTION
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED. SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE. WELCOMES. CHAIRMAN & MEMBERS FROM KARNATAKA ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION. & DIRECTOR (TRANSMISSION) , KPTCL. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW. SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – QUICK FACTS - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
11
CHAIRMAN & MEMBERSFROM
KARNATAKA ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
WELCOMES
& DIRECTOR (TRANSMISSION) , KPTCL
2
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – QUICK FACTS
SR GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST
SR GRID – CARDINAL EVENTS
SR GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS
PROJECTS IN PIPELINE – KARNATAKA & SR
ISSUES OF INTEREST – FURTHER CHALLENGES/GOALS
3
SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID
QUICK FACTS
4
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INSTALLED CAPACITY
NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW
EASTERN :- 17,697 MW
SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW
WESTERN :- 32,354 MW
NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW
TOTAL 115,569 MW
REGIONAL GRIDS
5
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS1
2
3
SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003
ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART
6
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
1
2
WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS
7
SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
ANDHRA PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
KARNATAKA
KE
RA
LA
POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)
AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)
INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%)
WEATHER :- South-west monsoon
North-east monsoon
SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
8
SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICSANDHRA PRADESH
INSTALLED CAPACITY – 9531 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 7441 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 130 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS
22% 29% 34% 5% 10% .
KARNATAKAINSTALLED CAPACITY – 5802 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 107 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 84 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS
37% 26% 33% 3% 1% .
KERALAINSTALLED CAPACITY – 2617 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM INDU AGRI COMML
76% 2% 6% 16%.
TAMIL NADUINSTALLED CAPACITY – 7074 MW
MAX DEMAND MET – 7228 MW
DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 147 MU
DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 126 MU
CONSUMER PROFILE –
DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS
21% 33% 27% 9% 10% .
9
GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
1947
5
1983
0
2030
4
2129
8
2213
3
2298
3
2417
3 2616
3 2850
1
2952
6
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
24000
26000
28000
30000
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
YEARS --->
IN MW
10
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR
STATES HYDRO THERMAL NUCLEARDIESEL/
GAS WIND OTHERS TOTAL %
AP 3586 2993 272 2 6853 21%
KAR 3166 1470 128 5 4769 15%
KER 1808 235 2043 6%
TN 1996 3570 423 19 6008 19%
C.S 6990 830 360 8180 26%
IPP 229 794 0 2432 245 377 4078 13%
TOTAL 10785 15817 830 3851 271 377 31931
% 34% 50% 3% 12% 1% 1%
The above capacity does not includes
--- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu.
--- Micro and Captive plants in different states.
11
15817 (50%)
10785 (34%)377 (1%)
830 (3%)271 (0.8%)
3851 (12%)
HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS
SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW
31,931 MW
HYDRO
THERMAL
WIND
NUCLEAR OTHERS
GAS
12
4769 (15%)
6853 (21%)4078 (13%)
8180 (26%)
6008 (18.8%)
2043 (6%)
AP KAR KER TN CS IPP
AGENCY-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SRIN MW31,931 MW
ANDHRA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
TAMIL NADU
CENTRAL SECTOR
IPP
KERALA
13
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
21000
22000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TIME IN HRS --->
DE
MA
ND
IN
MW
---
>
MONSOON SUMMER WINTER
TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR
WINTER
MONSOON
SUMMER
EVENING PEAK
WEATHER
RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION
14
6%
23%4%
37%
30%
Domestic Commercial Agriculture Industry Others
LOAD COMPOSITION IN SOUTHERN GRID Domestic
IndustryCommercial
Agriculture
Others
15
LOAD 500-1200 MW
LOAD 200-500 MW
TYPICAL
LOAD
SPREAD
IN SR
16
SR GRID - HIGHLIGHTS
• WIDE SPREAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK
• HIGHEST CAPACITY HVDC LINK IN COUNTRY
• GENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE & CAPACITY
• 32 Nos. of 400 KV SUB-STATIONS
• 17600 MVA TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY
• INTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL NEIGHBOURING
REGIONS
17
SR GRID
TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST
18
"If a path to the better there be, it
begins with a full look at the worst."
-- Thomas Hardy
19
SR GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST
• LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS
– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW VALUES
• LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION
– VOLTAGE AT EHV GRID LEVEL DIPPES TO CRITICALL LOW
LEVELS
• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS
– LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY OPERATION
• INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENTS
20
SR GRID OPERATION
PRESENT STATUS
21
GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
IMPROVED VOLTAGES
MERIT ORDER OPERATION
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE
INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
IMPROVED GRID SECURITY
JAN - 02 JAN - 03 Vol
FGMO
22
SR GRID
CARDINAL EVENTS
23
SR GRID -- CARDINAL EVENTS
• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME
• TALCHER-KOLAR HVDC LINK
• SPECIFIC ACTIONS BY SRLDC
• FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE
SCHD DRWL
24
PROJECTS IN PIPELINE
KARNATAKA & SR
25
PROJECTS IN SOUTHERN PROJECTS IN SOUTHERN REGIONREGION
400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE 400 KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD-400 KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD-
RTPS-GOOTY-BANGALORE LINERTPS-GOOTY-BANGALORE LINE ADDITIONAL 500 MW HVDC POLE AT ADDITIONAL 500 MW HVDC POLE AT
GAZUWAKAGAZUWAKA SYSTEM AUGMENTATION PROJECTSSYSTEM AUGMENTATION PROJECTS
400 KV KHAMMAM-N’SAGAR400 KV KHAMMAM-N’SAGAR LILO OF N’SAGAR-GOOTY AT KURNOOLLILO OF N’SAGAR-GOOTY AT KURNOOL NEW 400 KV SS IN TAMIL NADUNEW 400 KV SS IN TAMIL NADU ADDITIONAL 400 KV SS NEAR MADRASADDITIONAL 400 KV SS NEAR MADRAS
400 KV BACKBONE CORRIDOR IN KERALA400 KV BACKBONE CORRIDOR IN KERALA KOODANKULAM EVACUATION SCHEME – KOODANKULAM EVACUATION SCHEME –
2000 MW CAPACITY2000 MW CAPACITY
26
PROJECTS IN PROJECTS IN KARNATAKAKARNATAKA
400 KV NELAMANGALA-MYSORE LINE 400 KV NELAMANGALA-MYSORE LINE WITH 400 KV SUBSTATION AT MYSOREWITH 400 KV SUBSTATION AT MYSORE
400 KV SUB STATION AT HIRIYUR400 KV SUB STATION AT HIRIYUR 400 KV KAIGA-NARENDRA-KOLHAPUR 400 KV KAIGA-NARENDRA-KOLHAPUR
LINKLINK 400 KV SUB STATION AT NARENDRA400 KV SUB STATION AT NARENDRA 400 KV RING MAIN AROUND BANGALORE400 KV RING MAIN AROUND BANGALORE 400 KV 2400 KV 2ndnd GOOTY-BANGALORE LINK GOOTY-BANGALORE LINK ADDITIONAL 400 KV EVACUATION LINK ADDITIONAL 400 KV EVACUATION LINK
FOR RAICHUR THERMAL POWER PLANTFOR RAICHUR THERMAL POWER PLANT
27
BANGALORE 400 KV RING BANGALORE 400 KV RING MAINMAIN
400 KV RING MAIN
SOMANAHALLI
NELAMANGALA
KOLAR
HOODY
28
ISSUES OF INTEREST
FURTHER CHALLENGES/GOALS
29
FURTHER CHALLENGES/GOALS
INTRA-STATE ABT
METERING AND BILLING
HARNESSING UNUTILISED CAPACITY
FACILITATING SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS
ENHANCING BANKING/WHEELING VIABILITY
30
31
Voltage at Bangalore Jan 02 & 03
32
MONSOONS
SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST
MONSOON
KHAMMAM
VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR
VISAKHAPATNAM
(POWERGRID)HYDERABAD
RAICHUR
GOOTY
HOODY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
MADRAS
NEYVELI
CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE
KAIGA
115
317
RSTPP
BHADRAVATI
130x216
4x2
182
151
181
173
302
308172
277
279
155
178x
2
PONDICHERY
BANGALORE
SIRSI
MUNIRABAD
PP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
PP
P
P
N
KOLAR
PALLOM
KAYANKULAMEDAMON
TALCHER
JEYPORE
63
187
2x78
2x221
54
HOSUR
KADRA
KODASAALY
Nagjhari
1
120
60
MAPS
P
SSLMM
MMDP
THIRUVANATHAPURAM
ALMATHI
NELLORE
400 KV LINE PRESENTLY
OPERATED AT 220 KV
NELAMANGALA
KURNOOL
GAZUWAKA(AP)
SIMHADRI NTPC
HIRIYUR
189
195
267x
2
258
242
175
179
127
130x
2
221x2
146x252x2
197x2
301x2
8x4
15x2
300
28
330
ABOUT 12000 CKM
400KV TRANSMISSION
TALGUPPA
GRID MAP
TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM NORTH TO SOUTH
GRID FOCAL POINT SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER COMMISSIONING OF HVDC
QUANTUM CHANGES IN FLOW PATTERN LIKELY AFTER COMMISSIONING OF KOODANKULAM 2000 MW
KOODANKULAM
THIRNELVALI
34
TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIAINDIA
ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS
VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
400 KV 2042 1614 8462 12118
220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926
132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360
TOTAL 24452 15264 6370 16490 8828 71404
35
Kolar
Chintamani
Cudappah
HoodyHosur
Salem
Udumalpet
Madras B’lore
+/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM
ElectrodeStation
ElectrodeStation
TALCHER
400kv System
220kv system
KOLAR
TALCHER KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC
GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
A.PKAR
TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW
TYPICAL
GENERATOR
SPREAD
IN SR
UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
THERMAL (500 MW) 2 7 9
THERMAL
(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45
GAS/THERMAL
(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24
HYDRO
(>50 MW)27 27 16 15 85
TOTAL 48 36 19 38 163
- HYDRO
- THERMAL
- GAS / NAPTHA
- NUCLEAR
KHAMMAM
VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR
GAZUWAKA
HYDERABAD
RAICHUR
GOOTY
HOODY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
MADRAS
NEYVELI
CUDDAPAH
DAVANAGERE
RAMAGUNDAM
BANGALORE
MUNIRABAD
PP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
PP
P
P
KOLAR
63
HOSUR
1
60
P
NELLORE
NELAMANGALA
KURNOOL
KALPAKKA
SIMHADRI
HIRIYUR
TALAGUPPA
MAMIDIPALLY
SRI SAILAM
-- OF NTPC
-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH
-- OF KARNATAKA
-- OF NLC
-- OF POWERGRID
400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR
NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)
POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL
AP 8 4 2 14
KAR 4 5 9
KER 1 1
TN 6 2 8
TOTAL 19 9 4 32
39
ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN INDIAINDIA
VOLTAGE RATIO AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
400/230 or 400/220 KV 7 7 2 5 29 50
400/132 or 400/110 KV --- --- --- 3 2 5
TOTAL 7 7 2 8 31 55
40POWERGRID SRLDC
A.P
KAR
T.N
KER
MAH
ORISSA
RAMAGUNDAM
NEYVELI
MAPS
GOA
PONDICHERRY
CHANDRAPUR
JEYPORE
GAZUWAKA
KOLHAPUR
BELGAUM
U.SILERUL.SILERU
BALIMELA
BARSUR
CSEB
AMBEWADI
INTER REGIONAL LINKSINTER REGIONAL LINKS
HVDC BI POLEHVDC B2B STATION
CENTRAL GEN.STATION
220 kV LINE
400 kV LINE
110 kV HVDC LINE
KOLAR
TALCHAR
KAIGA
Inter Regional Links
Present IR CapacityPresent IR Capacity= 9,000 MW= 9,000 MW
700 MW700 MW
1200MW1200MW
2000MW2000MW
700 MW700 MW
900 MW900 MW30,500 MW
16,000
32,700 MW
30,500 MW
2300
1850 MW1850 MW
1650 MW1650 MW
42
13450 MW
1000 MW6450 MW
4600 MW
1300 MW3200 MW
30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012
EASTERN REGION
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11END OF 11thth PLAN (2012) PLAN (2012)
43
THE INDIA ELECTRICITY THE INDIA ELECTRICITY MARKETMARKET
TIME LINETIME LINE
REAL TIME15 MT BLOCKS
LONG TERMLOAD FORECAST
FUND MOBILISATION
10-5 YEARS
POWER PURCHASEAGREEMENTS
CAPACITY COMMITTMENT
1-5 YEARS
SHORT TERMLOAD FORECAST
DAY-AHEAD SCHEDULING
WEEK TO DAY AHEAD
44
Components of inter-utility Components of inter-utility tarifftariff
(Pre – ABT Mechanism)(Pre – ABT Mechanism) Fixed chargesFixed charges Interest on loansInterest on loans DepreciationDepreciation O & M chargesO & M charges Return on equityReturn on equity Interest on Working CapitalInterest on Working Capital
Energy charges (fuel cost)Energy charges (fuel cost) IncentivesIncentives Surcharge & other leviesSurcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energyNo charge for reactive energy
45
Payment to Inter State Generating Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries underStations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under
Availability Based Tariff Availability Based Tariff (ABT)(ABT)
Capacity chargesCapacity charges Energy chargesEnergy charges Unscheduled Interchange (UI)Unscheduled Interchange (UI)
46
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Forecast ex-bus capability of Power Plant
Hours
MW
Net Injection Schedule
SEB - A's Requisition
SEB - A's Entitlement - (40%)
SCHEDULING
47
CAPACITY CHARGECAPACITY CHARGE
Capacity charge will be related Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.output capability.
48
ENERGY CHARGEENERGY CHARGE
Energy charges shall be worked Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the the generating station as per the following formulafollowing formula
Energy chargesEnergy charges = = Rate of Rate of energy energy charges (paise/kwh) x charges (paise/kwh) x ScheduledScheduled Generation (ex-bus Generation (ex-bus MWh)MWh)
49
UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) ::
Variation in actual generation / drawal with Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI).Interchange (UI).
UI for generating station shall be equal to its UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled total actual generation minus its scheduled generation.generation.
UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.drawal.
50
UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) ::
UI shall be worked out for each 15 UI shall be worked out for each 15 minute time block.minute time block.
Charges for all UI transactions Charges for all UI transactions shall be based on average shall be based on average frequency of the time block.frequency of the time block.
UI rates shall be frequency UI rates shall be frequency dependent and uniform dependent and uniform throughout the country.throughout the country.
51
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
48.9 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51
Frequency ----------->
UI ra
te
-----
------
------
>
Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u
At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150 p/u
At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u
Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0 p/u
UI RATE
Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection
Frequency Frequency (Hz)(Hz)
Rate Rate (p/u)(p/u)
Above 50.5Above 50.5 00
50.050.0 150150
49.849.8 210210
49.0 and 49.0 and belowbelow
570570
52
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFFAVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
(A)(A) CAPACITY CHARGECAPACITY CHARGE
(B)(B) ENERGY CHARGEENERGY CHARGE
(C)(C) ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS
(U I CHARGE)(U I CHARGE)
(A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW (A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of Power Plant for the day availability of Power Plant for the day declared before the day starts x declared before the day starts x SEB’s % allocation from the plantSEB’s % allocation from the plant
(B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal (B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule for the SEB finalised before schedule for the SEB finalised before the day starts x Energy charge ratethe day starts x Energy charge rate
(C) = (C) = Σ Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time block – scheduled energy minute time block – scheduled energy interchange for the time block) x UI rate interchange for the time block) x UI rate for the time block for the time block
TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± ± (C) (C)
53
FEATURES :FEATURES :
((A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant generation / drawal. No metering required generation / drawal. No metering required for this as they are based on off-line for this as they are based on off-line figures. All deviations taken care of by (C)figures. All deviations taken care of by (C)
No complication regarding deemed No complication regarding deemed generation.generation.
Perpetual incentive for maximizing Perpetual incentive for maximizing generation and reducing drawal during generation and reducing drawal during deficit, but no incentive to over generate deficit, but no incentive to over generate during surplus.during surplus.
54
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
• TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE
• SCATTER DIAGRAM
• HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY
• FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE
• Df/dT CURVE
• RECORD FVI OF 0.04
55
47.50
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DAYS ----->
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y IN
HZ
---
->FREQUENCY PROFILE
2002, 2003 & 2004
56
FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE AUG TO OCT 04, 03 & 02
47.50
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
1 1117 2233 3349 4465 5581 6697 7813 8929 10045 11161 12277 13393 14509 15625 16741 17857 18973 20089 21205
% OF TIME --->
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y IN
HZ
---
>
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2004
2003
<49.049.0 & <49.5
49.5 & <50.5
50.5 & Above
Max Min Avg FVI St. Dev
2004 0.03 1.46 98.28 0.23 50.82 48.62 49.95 0.31 0.12
2003 0.17 8.32 90.66 0.85 50.85 48.60 49.81 0.95 0.18
2002 73.62 12.45 12.84 1.09 51.08 47.69 48.63 23.59 0.44
2002
57
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
42000
:05
01:0
5
02:0
5
03:0
5
04:0
5
05:0
5
06:0
5
07:0
5
08:0
5
09:0
5
10:0
5
11:0
5
12:0
5
13:0
5
14:0
5
15:0
5
16:0
5
17:0
5
18:0
5
19:0
5
20:0
5
21:0
5
22:0
5
23:0
5
TIME IN HRS --->
VO
LT
AG
E IN
KV
---
>
REALITY BITE:
FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.
EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!
COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY
BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES
58
WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE
LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER
WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED
400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID
PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED
ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE
MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY
59
VARIABLE COST(Ps) OF POWER STATION IN SR AS ON JUNE 2004
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000P
ON
DY
PC
L (3
2.5
MW
)(19
.61
PS
)
NE
YV
ELI
-II S
TG
1 *
*(63
0 M
W)(
67.9
9 P
S)
KO
VIL
KA
LAP
PA
L *(
105
MW
)(68
PS
)
JEG
UR
UP
AD
U (
GA
S)(
216
MW
)(82
PS
)
SP
EC
TR
UM
(G
AS
)(20
8 M
W)(
83 P
S)
VIJ
JES
WA
RA
M -
I(10
0 M
W)(
84 P
S)
VIJ
JES
WA
RA
M -
II(17
2.5
MW
)(86
PS
)
B S
E S
(A
P)(
GA
S)(
140
MW
)(87
PS
)
RE
INS
CA
LCIN
ING
LT
D.(
41 M
W)(
90 P
S)
RA
MA
GU
ND
AM
(210
0 M
W)(
90 P
S)
LAN
CO
(350
MW
)(91
.48
PS
)
NE
YV
ELI
-II S
TG
-II *
*(84
0 M
W)(
94.6
1 P
S)
SIM
HA
DR
I(10
00 M
W)(
96 P
S)
RA
MA
GU
ND
AM
-B(6
2.5
MW
)(96
PS
)
VIJ
AY
AW
AD
A T
.P.S
.-1&
2(10
50 M
W)(
101
PS
)
VIJ
AY
AW
AD
A T
.P.S
.-3(
210
MW
)(10
1 P
S)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(B)(
210
MW
)(10
8 P
S)
RA
ICH
UR
.T.P
S. *
*(12
60 M
W)(
110
PS
)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(A)(
240
MW
)(11
0 P
S)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(C)(
220
MW
)(12
3.1
PS
)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(D)(
500
MW
)(12
4 P
S)
RA
YA
LAS
EE
MA
TP
P(4
20 M
W)(
126
PS
)
NO
RT
H M
AD
RA
S.T
.P.S
(630
MW
)(13
0.98
PS
)
TU
TU
CO
RIN
.T.P
.S(1
050
MW
)(13
3.5
PS
)
ME
TT
UR
.T.P
.S(8
40 M
W)(
150
PS
)
V S
P *
(120
MW
)(16
9.11
PS
)
ST
-CM
S(2
50 M
W)(
171
PS
)
NE
YV
ELI
-I(6
00 M
W)(
185.
86 P
S)
EN
NO
RE
.T.P
.S(4
50 M
W)(
190.
2 P
S)
L V
S(3
7.8
MW
)(20
0 P
S)
YE
LEH
AN
KA
DE
ISE
L(12
7.92
MW
)(20
3.36
PS
)
NA
VB
HA
RA
T(3
5 M
W)(
205
PS
)
BR
AH
MA
PU
AM
D P
P(1
06.5
MW
)(21
4 P
S)
NE
LLO
RE
(30
MW
)(22
5 P
S)
B S
E S
(K
ER
ALA
)(16
5.5
MW
)(22
5 P
S)
TH
AN
NE
ER
BA
VI(
235
MW
)(22
8 P
S)
JIN
DA
L(26
0 M
W)(
247
PS
)
BA
LAJI
(SA
MA
YA
NA
LLU
R)(
105
MW
)(24
7 P
S)
KO
ZH
IKO
DE
DP
P(1
28.8
MW
)(25
0 P
S)
GM
R V
AS
AV
I(19
6 M
W)(
254
PS
)
SA
MA
LPA
TT
Y IP
P(1
05 M
W)(
263
PS
)
TA
TA
DE
ISE
L(81
.3 M
W)(
280
PS
)
KA
YA
MK
ULA
M N
TP
C(3
50 M
W)(
290
PS
)
KA
SA
RG
OD
P C
L(2
1 M
W)(
300
PS
)
RA
YA
LAS
EE
MA
(37.
8 M
W)(
330
PS
)
PP
NA
LLU
R(3
30.5
MW
)(41
5 P
S)
BA
SIN
BR
IDG
E(1
20 M
W)(
468
PS
)
CU
MU
LA
TIV
E IN
ST
AL
LE
D C
AP
AC
ITY
IN M
W
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
VA
RIA
BL
E C
OS
T IN
Ps/
UN
IT
VARIABLE COST
CUMULATIVEINSTALLE
ABOUT 7000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 100 Ps
ABOUT14200 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 200 Ps
ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps
CUM. INS. CAP.
60
49.72 HZ
61
MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP
POWER STATION STATE CAPACITY(MW) FUELVARIABLE
COST
TATA DIESELKARNATAK
A 79 DIESEL 308
RAYALSEEMA DGPP
KARNATAKA 27 DIESEL 360
YELEHANKA DIESEL
KARNATAKA 128 DIESEL 314
THANRBHAVIKARNATAK
A 220 NAPTHA 325
SUB-TOTAL 454
BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 DIESEL 275
BSES KERALA 157 NAPTHA 308
KASARGODE PCL KERALA 22 NAPTHA 298
KAYAMKULAM KERALA 360 NAPTHA 322
SUB-TOTAL 646
BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA 584
P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA 415
SUB-TOTAL 450
TOTAL 1550
62
Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges
73508230
9730
13000
22500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004
Year
To
tal M
U D
uri
ng
Th
e Y
ear
IR Energy Exchanges
63
(+) IMPORT / (-) EXPORT
• INTER REGIONAL UI (WR):- +357 MU – 211 MU• INTER REGIONAL UI (ER):- +693 MU – 21 MU• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM WR IN PS/U
– 134 PS/U @WR– 247 PS/U @SR
• AVG RATE OF EXPORT TO WR IN PS/U– 163 PS/U @SR– 287 PS/U @WR
• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM ER IN PS/U– 145 PS/U @ ER– 212 PS/U @ SR
INTER – REGIONAL(01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)
64
MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10N
UM
BE
R O
F D
IST
UR
BA
NC
ES
---
----
->
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
YEAR ->
MAJOR MINOR
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE
RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC
SPS
65
DEEP VALLEY
DEEP VALLEY
SHARP
PEAK
66
KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
5000:
001:
002:
003:
004:
005:
006:
007:
008:
009:
0010
:00
11:0
012
:00
13:0
014
:00
15:0
016
:00
17:0
018
:00
19:0
020
:00
21:0
022
:00
23:0
00:
00
TIME ---->
IN M
W --
-->
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
FREQ
UENC
Y IN
HZ
---->
GENERATOR MODE
PUMP PUMP
SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY
INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED
67
OPPORTUNISTIC UI TRADEEXPORT TO WR ON 13/05/03-14/05/03
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
49
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50
50.2
50.4
50.6
50.8
51POWER EXPORT TO WR ON
UI BASIS DURING LOAD CRASH
FREQ
68
UI TRANSACTION ON 31/08/03 SUNDAY, GANESH CHATURTHI
• Total UI imported from C. Grid by SR:8.88 MU• Max Power transfer in UI from C Grid:860 MW
AMOUNT SAVED : Rs. 107 LAKH IN ONE DAY!
HIGH FREQUENCY IN ER-WR GRID
POWER IMPORTED AT CHEAP PRICE
MUTUAL BENEFIT
69
OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATIONIDUKKI IN KERALA
KERALA SAVED RS 50 CRORES BY EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF THE RESERVOIRS AT IDUKKI!
POWERGRIDs 400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE WILL HELP KERALA
SAVE EVEN MORE ENERGY IN THE COMING
YEAR
PLANT OPERATORS AT IDUKKI THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER
THAN IN FEET!!!
Rs. Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.Rs.
70
FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004FVI = 0.04
Avg Freq = 49.99Hz
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2
FVI = -------------------------------
24 * 60
71
SPECIFIC ACTION BY RLDC LOSS REDUCTION
• TAP CO-ORDINATION• FILTER CO-ORDINATION• REDUCED LINE OPENING• HVDC SET POINT CHANGES• VAR MANAGEMENT
REVIVAL OF DORMANT INTER-STATE LINES 100% DISBURSEMENT IN SETTLEMENT
SYSTEM OPTIMISATION OF INTER-REGIONAL
EXCHANGES MERIT ORDER OPERATION
72
RLDC,Bangalore
KalamasseryHyderabad BangaloreChennai
Cuddapah
Warangal
Vijayawada
Kalam’erry
Kannur
Trivandrum
Chennai
Erode
Madurai
Bangalore
Lingusugur
Hubli
CPCC SCC, Pondy
Hyderabad
Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region
Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka
73
EMS/SCADA Package … EMS/SCADA Package … ContdContd
Sl No:Sl No: ConstituentConstituent RTUs suppliedRTUs supplied Existing RTUs Existing RTUs integratedintegrated
Control Control CentresCentres
1.01.0 APTRANSCOAPTRANSCO 9191 -- 44
2.02.0 TNEBTNEB 4040 3535 33
3.03.0 KPTCLKPTCL 2222 2121 33
4.04.0 KSEBKSEB 3030 -- 33
5.05.0 UT of PondyUT of Pondy 55 99 11
6.06.0 Central SectorCentral Sector 2727 -- 11
TotalTotal 215215 6565 1515
RTUs Grand Total : 280 RTUs Grand Total : 280
74
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamilnadu
UT of Pondy
Vijayawada
Warangal
HYDERABADGhanapur
Chinkampalli
CHENNAI
Pondy
Madurai
Kannur-B
KALAMASSERY
Vydyuthi Bhavanam
Erode
MW LinkFO LinkState owneed Link
Sub-LDC
SLDC
RCLDC
Hubli
Davangeree
Bangalore
Information Flow to Control CentresInformation Flow to Control Centres
Satellite
Ramagundam
75
Communication Channel for Information flow
Sub-LDC
SLDC
RLDC
SLDC
Sub-LDC
RTU RTU
Wide Band /PLCC Commn
Wide Band Commn
Wide Band Commn(MW / FO)
RTU
76
ULDC TRAININGULDC TRAININGSL NAME OF THE TRAINING FROM TO Participants Man days
1CISCO ROUTER &
NETWORKING19-01-2004 24-01-2004 17 102
2 XA-21 USER LEVEL 23-02-2004 28-02-2004 10 60
3 RTNA WORKSHOP 29-03-2004 31-03-2004 14 42
4 AIX OPERATING SYSTEM 17-05-2004 22-05-2004 15 90
5 XA-21 USER LEVEL 21-06-2004 25-06-2004 6 30
6 DATABASE ADMINISTATION 22-11-04 04-12-04 19 228
77
Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer
≈10,000MU
Transformation Capacity ≈
45000 MVA
Transformers (220kV and above)
480 nos.
Installed Capacity≈31870 MW
Integrated Opn of Ten Power
Utilities
Dynamic Grid Conditions
Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control
Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP
422 nos.
Transmission Network 400/220kV
≈ 37500 Ckm
40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power,
Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position,
Isolator Position etc.
78
Bouquet of Benefits
• Integrated System Operation with improved system visibility
• Enhanced Operation Efficiency
• Quality Power - Frequency and Voltage Control
• Merit Order and Economic Load Dispatch
• Fewer System Collapses & Faster Restoration
• First Step towards Sub-station Automation
• Adaptability to the ever growing Power System
79
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID
NER
ER
NR
WR
SR
EXISTING
500MW
MW1000
MW500
GAZUWAKA
CHANDRAPUR
VINDHYACHAL
SASARAM
UNDERCONST.
EXISTING
400 kV
220 kV
BONGAIGAONBIRPARA
MALDA
KORBA BUDHIPADAR
KOLHAPUR
BELGAUM
U.SILERU
BALIMELA
DEHRISAHUPURI
MALANPUR
AURAIYA
PHASE-I(By 2002)
HVDC STATION
KOLAR
(KARNATAKA)
TALCHER
ORISSA)
TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINE
LENGTH:1400 KMS
80
TALCHER KOLAR LINKTALCHER KOLAR LINK ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLDONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLD
DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW
COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON-COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON-
PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGIONPEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGION
COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULECOMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE
THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000
TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES
81
TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINKTALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINKBENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGIONBENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGION
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION.VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION.
TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN.INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN.
MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MWMAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET.MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET. DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING
CONSERVED.CONSERVED. AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWNAVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISEDSURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER
STATIONS IN EASTERN REGIONSTATIONS IN EASTERN REGION INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONSINCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS
82
TALCHER-KOLARTALCHER-KOLAR IMPORT OF 13447MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO NOV-04
YEAR --->YEAR ---> 20022002 20032003 20042004
MONTHSMONTHSTOTAL TOTAL
ENERGY (IN ENERGY (IN MU)MU)
MAX FLOW MAX FLOW (IN MW)(IN MW)
TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)
MAX MAX FLOW (IN FLOW (IN
MW)MW)
TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY (IN ENERGY (IN
MU)MU)
MAX MAX FLOW (IN FLOW (IN
MW)MW)
JANJAN ------ ------ 311311 850850 805805 15281528
FEBFEB ------ ------ 273273 10101010 701701 15081508
MARMAR ------ ------ 491491 13161316 837837 16001600
APRAPR ------ ------ 473473 11831183 923923 15001500
MAYMAY ------ ------ 172172 10261026 652652 13851385
JUNJUN ------ ------ 277277 994994 688688 14161416
JULJUL ------ ------ 319319 10751075 759759 14901490
AUGAUG ------ ------ 346346 10881088 628628 13411341
SEPSEP 66 200200 512512 15331533 742742 15521552
OCTOCT 5858 500500 508508 1458 1458 829829 15501550
NOVNOV 7777 500500 470470 1048 1048 719719 16001600
DECDEC 241241 750750 630630 1383 1383
TOTALTOTAL 382382 47824782 82838283
AVERAGEAVERAGE 9696 399399 753753
MAX FLOWMAX FLOW 750750 15331533 16001600
83
RESERVOIR LEVEL - RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISONCOMPARISON
LEVEL IN MTSLEVEL IN MTS LEVELLEVEL30-Nov-0330-Nov-03
LEVELLEVEL30-Nov-0430-Nov-04
JALAPUTJALAPUT 837.48837.48 836.17836.17
LINGANMAKKILINGANMAKKI 545.35545.35 548.61548.61
SUPASUPA 534.73534.73 545.48545.48
IDUKKIIDUKKI 715.65715.65 772.96772.96
KAKKIKAKKI 969.19969.19 972.43972.43
NILGIRISNILGIRIS
TOTALTOTAL
ENERGYENERGY30-Nov-0330-Nov-03
ENERGYENERGY30-Nov-0430-Nov-04
RISE IN RISE IN MUMU
% % RISERISE
514514 440440 - 7474 -1414
21482148 27082708 560560 2626
10621062 17871787 725725 6868
947947 14131413 466466 4949
528528 612612 8484 1616
559559 14631463 904904 162162
57585758 84238423 26652665 4646
• Only 7500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (6 Months)
• 40 MUs/day could be generated as against about 70 MUs/day at present.
84
GRID OPERATION:GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK A TIGHT ROPE WALK
BLACK-OUTVOLTAGE
COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC
OPERATION
INSTABILITYPOWER
SWINGSINCREASED
LOSSES
85
UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)10/10/04)
TOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 5551 MUTOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 5551 MU
TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1065 CR1065 CR
AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MUAVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MU
AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 11.45 CRDISBURSED:- 11.45 CR
86
INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES WR A/C INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES WR A/C DETAILS UPTO 93 WKSDETAILS UPTO 93 WKS
TILL 10/10/04TILL 10/10/04
1. NET ENERGY TRANSACTION IS 146 MU (IMPORT BY SR).
2. AMOUNT ACCRUED IN SREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN WR A/C = 41.83Crs
3. AMOUNT TO BE ACCRUED IN WREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN SR A/C = 27.71Crs
4. AMOUNT DUE TO SR CONSTITUENTS ON 50:50 BASIS = 34.73Crs
5. AMOUNT ALREADY DISBURSED TO SR CONSTITUENTS = 33.39Crs
87
GENERATION vs FREQUENCY FOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
11
:41
12
:41
13
:41
14
:41
15
:41
16
:41
17
:41
18
:41
TIME IN HH:MM ----->
MW
---
-->
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
FR
EQ
IN H
Z -
----
>
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 20-DEC-04
SHARAVATHI - 1
88
GENERATION vs FREQUENCY FOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
11
:41
12
:41
13
:41
14
:41
15
:41
16
:41
17
:41
18
:41
TIME IN HH:MM ----->
MW
---
-->
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
FR
EQ
IN H
Z -
----
>
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 20-DEC-04
SHARAVATHI - 4
89
GENERATION vs FREQUENCY FOR
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
13
:21
14
:21
15
:21
16
:21
17
:21
18
:21
19
:21
20
:21
TIME IN HH:MM ----->
MW
---
-->
48.50
48.70
48.90
49.10
49.30
49.50
49.70
49.90
50.10
50.30
50.50
FR
EQ
IN H
Z -
----
>
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 20-DEC-04
NTPC - 4