challenge! the psycho- neurophysiology of flow · the psycho-neurophysiology of "flow"...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
"Challenge"! The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow"
(or how we mapped motivational states onto the heart, literally)
Jim Blascovich Psychological and Brain Sciences
University of California, Santa Barbara
![Page 2: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“Threat"! The Psycho-Neurophysiology of Stress
(or how we mapped motivational states onto the heart, literally)
Jim Blascovich Psychological and Brain Sciences
University of California, Santa Barbara
![Page 3: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Raise your hands if you believe your heart rate increases when you are performing a non-physical but stressful task.
• Raise your hands if you believe your heart rate does not increase when you are performing a non-physical/non-stressful task.
![Page 4: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Volunteers?
![Page 8: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
5 -5
5
-5 5
15 -15
15 15
15
15
15 15
15
25
-25
25 25
25
Column Player
Row Player
-5
-5 5
-15
-15 -15
-15 -15
-15 -15
-25
-25
-25
![Page 9: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Were these increases in heart rate pathophysiological?
![Page 10: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Type A Behavior Pattern
• Intense Drive; Ambition; Need for Achievement
• Time urgent; competitive; need to control
• Aggressive, Hostile • Multitasker • Talks fast, walks fast, finish other’s sentences
• Rarely sees doctor; never sees psychiatrist
• Seldom out sick • Values respect, not liking • Hates vacations • Accepts and sticks to difficult goals
![Page 12: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How was Type A personality pattern assessed?
• Structured Interview ‒ One-on-one ‒ Videotaped ‒ Scored
• Jenkins Activity Survey
• Physiologically
![Page 13: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reactivity Hypothesis • Increased cardiovascular reactivity (i.e., changes from baseline) during non-metabolically demanding tasks is pathophysiological.
• Heart rate was the measure of choice
• “Hot reactors” and “Cold reactors”
![Page 14: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Logical Problem:“Affirmation of the Consequent”
• If A causes B, then B is equivalent to A
‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY!
• There may be other causes of B
![Page 15: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Flow is the mental state of operation in which a person in an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and success in the process of the activity.
According to Csíkszentmihályi, flow is completely focused motivation.
“Flow” is to be on the ball, in the moment, present, in the zone, wired in, in the groove, or keeping your head in the game.
![Page 17: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Flow • Clear goals • Skills/Demands Balance • Concentration/Limited Field of Concentration; Focus on the Activity Itself
• Loss of Self-consciousness • Distorted Sense of Time • Personal Control
![Page 18: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Difficulty
Time/Skill Required
![Page 19: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Are “flow” and “Type A” two sides of the same coin physiologically?
![Page 20: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Cardiovascular System
![Page 21: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Coronary Arteries
![Page 24: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Coronary Occlusion
![Page 25: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What do HR changes tell us about pathophysiology?
Is there more to the story?
![Page 26: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cardiovascular Measurement
• Chronotropic
• Inotropic
• Hemodynamic
![Page 27: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cardiovascular Measures: Chronotropic
• Interbeat Interval – (usually expressed in msec)
• Heart Rate – 60,000/IBI
• Systolic Time Intervals – systole vs diastole – pre-ejection period (PEP) – left ventricular ejection time (LVET) – electromechanical systole = (PEP+LVET)
![Page 28: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cardiovascular Meaures: Inotropic
• Contractility – PEP (VC= PEP*(-1))
• Stroke Volume – SV – amount of blood ejected by the heart on a beat
• Cardiac Output – HR x SV
![Page 29: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cardiovascular Measures: Hemodynamic
• Blood Pressure – systolic (SBP) – diastolic (DBP) – mean arterial (MAP)
• Viscosity • Flow (CO) = HR x SV • Resistance TPR = (COxMAP)
![Page 30: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cardiovascular Measurement: Chronotropic & Inotropic
• Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) • Impedance Cardiography (IKG OR ZKG)
![Page 31: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
(Dienstbier, 1989)Physiological Toughness
• neuro-endocrine system ‒ sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) axis ‒ pituitary adrenal cortical (PAC) axis
• states ‒ physiological toughness ‒ physiological (weakness)
![Page 32: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Physiological Toughness SAM Axis
• Neural Response ‒ sympathetic neural stimulation of the myocardium enhancing cardiac performance particularly contractility
• Endocrine Response ‒ adrenal medullary release of epinephrine causing vasodilation resulting in a systemic decline in vascular resistance
![Page 33: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Physiological Weakness(H)PAC Axis
• Neural ‒ sympathetic neural stimulation of the myocardium enhancing cardiac performance
• Endocrine ‒ pituitary adrenal cortical inhibition of adrenal medullary release of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in little change or even increases in systemic vascular resistance
![Page 34: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ventricular Contractility (PEP x -1)
Physio. ToughnessPhysio. Weakness
TPR
CO
![Page 35: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
EKG & IKG
IKG (dz/dt)
PEP LVET
SV
![Page 36: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Do Dienstbier’s patterns map on to any psychological constructs?
![Page 37: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Resource/Demand Appraisals
![Page 39: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Key Motivational States • Challenge--when resources roughly equal or outweigh demands
• Threat--when demands outweigh resources.
![Page 40: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Challenge
![Page 41: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Challenge
![Page 42: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Threat
![Page 43: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Resources and Demands • Danger • Uncertainty • Required Effort • Skills, Knowledge & Abilities • Dispositions • Social Support
![Page 44: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Resources and Demands • may not be rationally related to any particular task
• but related in a way to multiple tasks
![Page 45: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Affective Cues • Visual • Embodiments
![Page 46: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Thesis
If differences in physiological toughness patterns map on to challenge and threat in performance situations, these patterns could be used to index these psychological states.
![Page 49: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Key Motivational States • Challenge--when resources roughly equal or outweigh demands ‒ indexed by Dienstbier’s pattern of physiological toughness
• Threat--when demands outweigh resources. ‒ indexed by Dienstbier’s pattern of physiological weakness
![Page 50: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Validational Studies
• correlational
![Page 51: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Motivated Performance Situations
• goal relevant • require instrumental cognitive responses to “active coping” tasks
• minimally metabolically demanding
![Page 52: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Examples of Motivated Performance Situations
• Taking Exams • Decision Making • Giving Speeches • Playing Games • Interviews • Many Social Exchanges • Problem Solving
![Page 53: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Procedures • Baseline • Task Instructions • Demand and Resource Appraisals • Task 1 (Serial Subtraction) • Rest/Baseline • Demand and Resource Appraisals • Task 2 (Serial Subtraction)
![Page 54: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Figure 7Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey, &
Leitten, 1993 -- Study 2Motivated Performance Situation
PEP 0
5
10
15
20
PEP
msec x (-1)
CO0
1
2
3
CO
litre/min
HR05
10152025
HR
bpm
-15-10-505
TPR(dyne-
sec/cm^5) x10
Chal.Threat
Figure 7Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey, &
Leitten, 1993 -- Study 2Motivated Performance Situation
PEP 0
5
10
15
20
PEP
msec x (-1)
CO0
1
2
3
CO
litre/min
HR05
10152025
HR
bpm
-15-10
-505
TPR(dyne-
sec/cm^5) x10
Chal.Threat
![Page 55: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Figure 8Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey, &
Leitten, 1993 -- Study 2Motivated Performance Situation
Attempts Correct02468
10121416
#
Attempts Correct
Performance
Chal.Threat
Figure 8Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey, &
Leitten, 1993 -- Study 2Motivated Performance Situation
Attempts Correct02468
10121416
#
Attempts Correct
Performance
Chal.Threat
![Page 56: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Validational Studies
• correlational • experimental
![Page 57: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Procedures • Informed consent • Sensors applied • Baseline • Manipulation • Vigilance Task
![Page 58: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
U.S. National Anthem
![Page 59: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
U.S. National Anthem
![Page 60: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
-0.5
0.5
1.5
Pre-ejection Pe
riod (sec*-1)
Total P
eriphe
ral R
esistance
(Resistance Units)
-120-100-80-60-40-200204060
Read
Sing
Cardiac Outpu
t (L/m)
Experimental Manipulation (Sarah Hunter, 2000)
![Page 61: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Validational Studies
• correlational • experimental • manipulated physiology
![Page 62: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Validational Studies
• correlational • experimental • manipulated physiology • predictive
![Page 64: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Predictive Validational Study
• Topic: Performance • Background
‒ Challenge/threat theory ‒ baseball
• Method ‒ independent variable: Task relevant speech ‒ Mediating variable: cardiovascular indexes ‒ dependent variable: performance
![Page 67: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Validational Studies
• correlational • experimental • manipulated physiology • predictive • convergent
![Page 69: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Motivational Processes Underlying Social Psychological Processes
• Attitudes • Consciousness • Dispositions • Emotional Suppression • Social Support • Social Facilitation • Social Comparison • Stigma
![Page 70: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Dispositions • Defensive Pessimism
![Page 71: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Defensive Pessimism • Academic Defensive Pessimism (Norem & Spencer, 1996)
• Imagery Manipulation ‒ negative ‒ neutral ‒ positive
• RAT Task
![Page 73: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Results(Seery et al., 2008)
-100
-50
0
50
100
Relax Positive Negative
Defensive Pessimists
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Relax Positive Negative
Defensive Pessimists
CO TPR
![Page 74: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Results(Seery et al., 2008)
60
80
100
Relax Positive Negative
Defensive Pessimists
Performance
![Page 75: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Results(Seery et al., 2008)
Imagery Condition (Negative vs. Relax) Performance
Challenge/Threat variable
β=-.52, p <.05
β=.59, p <.05
β=-.51, p <.05
β=.34, p = .11
![Page 76: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Conclusions
![Page 77: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Type A Pattern by definition is a high demand > resource ratio.
• Intense Drive; Ambition; Need for Achievement
• Time urgent; competitive; need to control
• Aggressive, Hostile • Multitasker • Talks fast, walks fast, finish other’s sentences
• Rarely sees doctor; never sees psychiatrist
• Seldom out sick • Values respect, not liking • Hates vacations • Accepts and sticks to difficult goals
![Page 78: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Flow is by definition a positive resource/demand ratio.
• Clear goals • Skills/Demands Balance • Concentration/Limited Field of Concentration; Focus on the Activity Itself
• Loss of Self-consciousness • Distorted Sense of Time • Personal Control
![Page 79: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Dem
ands
Resources
![Page 80: Challenge! The Psycho- Neurophysiology of Flow · The Psycho-Neurophysiology of "Flow" ... ‒ IS A LOGICAL FALLACY! • There may be other causes of B . ... • Challenge--when resources](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013003/5f0871047e708231d422077b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)