challenges and opportunities for information management in multi-literacy environments
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Challenges and Opportunities for Information Management in
Multi-literacy Environments Presented by
Gayathri J. Gunawardena
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Information
• Information is communicating or receiving knowledge on some fact or circumstance (Wikipedia, 2013).
– Information conveys a message
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Information Life Cycle
Creation and gathering
Processing
Transmittal
Retrieval and use
Retention
Disposition
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Information Management (IM)
• Organization and control of various activities associated in the information life cycle (Wikipedia, 2013)
– Organizing, retrieving, acquiring, securing and maintaining information
Pre 1970s
• Paper based Post 1970s
• Digitized
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Importance of IM
• People need to
– Share knowledge and resources in the world to solve problems and
– Make life more comfortable
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Multi-literacy environment
• Literacy means the capture and expression of information
• Multi-literacy means many ways of achieving this goal
– Multilingual / Multicultural
– Multimedia
– Multimodal
Multilingual / Multicultural content presented using multimedia and accessible through multimodal delivery techniques
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Multilingual / Multicultural
• There are 6000+ languages in the world
• It is not possible to learn all of them
• Language barriers are natural in human communication
• Lack of a single language for communication
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Multimedia
• Text
• Audio
• Video
• Graphics and animation
• Interactivity content
• Still images
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Multimodal
• Various human device interaction modes such as vision, audition and taction
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Reality
• Access to and use of information is a universal human right
• This cannot be achieved in reality – Why?
• Not all content is digitized Information not accessible via web or mobile
• Language barrier There are so many languages in the world and it is not possible to learn them all during one’s lifetime
• Illiteracy 980 m of the global population are illiterate • Digital divide Only 39% of world population access the
internet • People with disabilities They have special requirements
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Global Challenge for IM
• Bridging the gap on information requirements of all human beings is a global challenge
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Solution
• The technology is regarded as the enabling tool to satisfy the information needs of all human beings
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Technology
• Rise of Information Communication Technologies
– Invention of the computer
– Advent of the internet Information doubles every two years
– Proliferation of mobile and portable devices
– Wireless communication
– User-friendly interfaces in devices Transformation from command line interfaces to user friendly and easy to use graphical user interfaces
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Opportunities
• Universal access to all human knowledge anytime, anywhere using any device
– Extract traditional wisdom and learnings from modern sciences
– Facilitate innovation and civilization progress through the extraction of traditional wisdom and learnings from modern sciences
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Opportunities contd…
• Next generation of push technology for multilingual, multimodal and multimedia delivery of content via the web and mobile technology
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Opportunities contd…
• Advancement of research and development of multi-lingual and multi-modal technologies for digitization of content and creation of digital libraries.
– The China-US Million Book Digital Library initiative(Huang et al., 2005)
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Opportunities contd…
• Valuable way of communication and information exchange for the illiterate – visual, voice and touch sensitive screens
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Opportunities contd…
• People with special needs such as travellers especially tourists, children, elders, deaf-mutes and blind persons require multimodal personalized user interfaces
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Opportunities contd…
• Standards like UNICODE and W3C further enhances the effective use of web for handling multilingual content across borders
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Opportunities contd…
• The availability of affordable and cost effective open source software such as Greenstone and Dspace promotes the building multilingual digital libraries, websites, information systems and databases (Biswas et al.,2010)
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Challenges
• Resource intensiveness
– Sufficient funds
– Material and
– Human capital resources
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Challenges contd…
• Converting traditional content to digital – Certain operating systems that limit the correct display of special
characters in certain languages when represented in UNICODE
– Words pronounced phonetically are stored in a different context
– Software tools for transliteration from a specific language to UNICODE are difficult to find or are not available
– Example: Handling multi-linguistic issues pertaining to introducing e-Governance solutions in India (Lata et al., 2006)
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Challenges contd…
• Visual icons used in multimodal delivery are misunderstood by some cultures, or worse has been offensive in some cultures
– Five sided stars replaced by seven sided or eight sided stars when implementing an International Children’s Digital Library (Hutchinson et al., 2005)
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Challenges contd…
• In multilingual digital libraries there have been instances of the content being socially or politically or religiously objectionable
– For example, in the International Children’s Digital Library the fact that there were more Arabic books than Hebrew books resulted in political concerns related to Arab-Israeli conflict (Hutchinson et al., 2005)
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Challenges contd…
• Cross language support requires translations.
• Such translations introduce three types of errors namely lack of translations for technical terms, acronyms, and proper names (Diekema, 2012)
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Challenges contd…
• Explicit form of human knowledge cannot be exactly replicated in the digital format but implicitly expressed in different media such as text, image, audio and video
– Eg: Indigenous medicines Vedic scripts
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Challenges contd…
• Lack of efficient and effective organization and retrieval tools
– Give rise to information overload rather than aiding the growth of knowledge diffusion and quality enhancement
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Challenges contd…
• Complexities associated with use of technology
– Some may not have the comprehension and skills to use the technology?
– There can be others who cannot afford to buy the technology?
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Conclusion
• Multilingualism increases the efficiency of information exchange across borders.
• This is facilitated by using multimodal delivery methods such as vision, audition, and taction with the use of multimedia technology
• Technology is an enabler for information management in such multi-literacy environments
• Undoubtedly, there is enormous growth potential for the promotion of information management in this area
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References
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information accessed in November 2013 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_management accessed in November 2013 3) http://1howmany.com/how-many-languages-in-the-world accessed in November 2013 4) http://www.emc.com/leadership/programs/digital-universe.htm accessed in November 2013 5) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate accessed in November 2013 6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_digital_divide accessed in November 2013 7) HUANG Tie-jun, TIAN Yong-hong , WANG Chun-li, SHI Xiao-dong , GAO Wen (2005)Towards a
multilingual, multimedia and multimodal digital library platform, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE ISSN 1009-3095
8) Biswas Goutam, Paul Dibyendu(2010) An evaluative study on the open source digital library softwares for institutional repository: Special reference to Dspace and greenstone digital library, International Journal of Library and Information Science Vol. 2(1) pp. 001-010, February, 2010
9) Lata Swaran, Chandra Somnath (2006) Challenges of Multilingualism and Possible Approach for Standardization of e-Governance Solutions in India, Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, New Delhi 110 003, India
10) Hutchinson Hilary Browne, Rose Anne, Bederson Benjamin B., Weeks Ann Carlson, Druin Allison (2005)The International Children’s Digital Library: A Case Study in Designing for a Multilingual, Multicultural, Multigenerational Audience, Information Technology And Libraries, March 2005, pp 4-12
11) Diekema Anne (2012) Multilinguality in the Digital Library: A Review, Instructional Technology & Learning Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@USU
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Thank you
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