Green Building Congress 2017, 04-07 October, Hotel Clarks Amer, Jaipur, India. –Theme: Preparing for Low Carbon future

• India, home to 18% of the world’s population, uses only 6% of the

world’s primary energy.

- Today about 240 million people without access to electricity.

• India is set to contribute more than any other country to the projected

rise in global energy demand, even so, energy demand per capita in

2040 is still 40% below the world average.

Oil demand increases by more than in any other country, approaching 10 mb/d by 2040.

Solid biomass, mainly fuelwood, is the only major source of energy ; for some 840 million

people in India today

• India’s urbanisation is a key driver of energy trends: an additional 315

million people – almost the population of the United States today –

are expected to live in India’s cities by 2040.

The “Smart Cities” programme, launched in 2015, puts a welcome emphasis on integrated

planning and provision of urban services (including power, water, waste and mass transportation)

Source: OECD/IEA, 2015 International Energy Agency, Paris, France

Challenges for India – Energy Sector

• A large expansion of coal output makes India the second-largest coal

producer in the world, but rising demand also means that India becomes,

before 2020, the world’s largest coal importer, overtaking Japan, the

European Union and China.

• “Make in India” campaign to promote manufacturing and the “24x7 Power

for All” drive for universal, round-the-clock electricity supply.

India’s energy-related CO2 emissions expected to reach 5-gigatonnes in

2040

• India has 45 GW of hydropower and 23 GW of wind power capacity, but

has barely tapped its huge potential for renewable energy. India is, aiming

to reach 175 GW of installed renewables capacity by 2022.

• Solar power is a key element of the government’s expansion plans.

�Solar & Energy Efficient Design

�Improved Indoor Air Quality

�Usage of Green Materials

�Proper Mechanical Systems

�Efficient Lighting

�Proper Testing & Maintenance

Advanced Features of a Sustainable Building

Green Materials

�� Materials, production, use and disposal must be Materials, production, use and disposal must be

safe for the planet. Most of the materials have safe for the planet. Most of the materials have

specific range of conditions in which they best work specific range of conditions in which they best work

�� Sustainable building materials have the following Sustainable building materials have the following

features:features:

•• Durable and easily maintainedDurable and easily maintained

•• Less processing requiredLess processing required

•• Low odorLow odor

•• Low emittingLow emitting

•• CostCost--effectiveeffective

•• AestheticAesthetic

Economics of Economics of Green BuildingsBuildings� Reduction in lighting energy requirements by at least 50 percent

� Cut heating and cooling energy consumption by 60 percent

� Reduced water consumption by up to 30 percent or more

� Lower building operating expenses through reduced utility and waste disposal costs

� Lower on-going building maintenance costs, ranging from salaries to supplies

� Increase worker productivity by six to 16 percent

� Higher property values and potentially lower lenders’ credit risk

� Higher building net income

� New economic development opportunities

Benefits of Sustainable ConstructionBenefits of Sustainable Construction

�Sustainable construction makes wise use of all the

natural resources and a 50% reduction in energy use

�Improves occupant health, comfort, productivity, reduces

pollution and landfill waste that are not easily quantified

�A sustainable building may cost more up front, but saves

through lower operating costs over the life of the building

�Building is designed as one system rather than a

collection of stand-alone systems with the help of the

integrated system approach

•Further research - Energy consumption, Water use and waste management in a sustainable way

•Newer, efficient and healthier technologies

•Availability of computer software programs to identify and evaluate options for a building project

•Governmental support

•An active participation from every sector of the society

Future of Sustainable Buildings

SSL: a new alternative to other lighting technologies?

• Reduced heat generation • Use of less power • Longer life span

World Lighting Pollution

Lighting corresponds to 19% of the

worldwide energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption by using LEDs will significantlyreduce the level of

CO2 emissions, therefore positivelyimpacting climate change

LIGHTLIGHTLIGHTLIGHT

3 traditional Technologies:

•Fire Incandescence

•Fluorescence & High

Intensity discharge

Oil lamp Incandescent bulbs Fluorescent bulbs

The fourth lighting technology

Solid: Light emitted by a solid: a piece of semiconductor

SSL: Creation of first light emitting diodes (LED)

At that time, LEDs were used for showing the time in an alarm clock

or as a battery indicator

One of the most significant assets of LEDs in lighting is life hours. LEDs life goes far beyond even the closest lighting technology,

which is currently cold cathode florescent lamps (CCFL), up to and beyond 20,000 hours of continuous operation. In addition,

LED lights do not fail catastrophically as they age unlike both incandescent and CCFL. 20,000 hours is the half life, which means

that the LED light is still illuminated, but has dimmed by about half.

LED Life – Compared with Conventional Light Sources

1,000 Hours 6,000 Hours 20,000 Hours

White LED: The Future Lighting Technology

• In the recent years: Tremendous gain in energy efficiency, brightness and lifespan

•Although they are still expensive, they have come in the market for residential lighting and will replace in next 10 or 15 years

• For now, more than 50% efficiency, but some researchers think it’s possible to have 90% efficiency! Contrary to the traditional light bulb which has 5% efficiency and no perspective to do better!

Perspectives & Advantages

Traffic signals, street light

ApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplications

Residential

Information boards

Buildings

Common application: Digital clock, battery level indicator, torch

Outdoor: runway in airports

The many benefits of LED lighting make them a natural choice for an ever-expanding range of lighting applications. Virtually

every industry is now able to incorporate an LED-based solution for its design needs. Not to mention, recent government

mandates are now quickly contributing to the acceptance and adoption of LEDs for general lighting.

Applications

Yoshitaka Taniyasu and Makoto Kasu., Special Feature: Fr0nt-line Material Research Vol. 8 No. 8 Aug. 2010

Applications of UV-LEDs

Compactness, low cost of ownership and environmentally-friendly composition, UV LED continues to replace incumbent technologies like mercury. The UV LED business is expected to grow nearly $270M by 2017.

LEDs emitting in the wavelength range 230-280nm can be used for UV ID verification, barcodes, sterilization of surface areas, water, bodily fluid detection and analysis, protein analysis, drug discovery, medical light therapy, polymer and ink printing.

Environmental Impact of are these UV LEDs Lower Energy Consumption, Reduced Waste and No Hazardous Materials UV LEDs provide several significant environmental benefits compared to alternative technologies.

UV LEDs have up to 70% lower energy consumption compared to compact florescent (CCFL) lamps. Additionally, UV LEDs are RoHS compliant and do not contain the toxic mercury often found in CCFL technology. UV LEDs are also much smaller in size and more durable than CCFLs. UV LEDs are more resistant to vibration and impact, resulting in less product breakage and reduced waste and maintenance expense.

MOCVD Wet Bench Scriber ProberE-Gun Sorter

Epi Layer InGaN/GaN LED

Substrates (Al2O3(Saphire) or Sic)

InGaN/GaN LED

Substrates (Al2O3(Saphire) or Sic)

P

N

2” wafer

Excellence starts from the very beginning.Every step in production process is carefully Inspected and tested for quality assurance.

From Epitaxy to LED Chips

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 was awarded to Sir Venkata

Raman"for his work on the scattering of light and for the

discovery of the effect named after him".

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 was divided equally between

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar "for his theoretical studies of the

physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of

the stars" and William Alfred Fowler "for his theoretical

andexperimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in

the formation of the chemical elements in the universe".

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 was awarded jointly to

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E.

Yonath"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome".

PML

Process Flow for LED Fabrication20,000 sq. ft. class 100 clean rooms

Materials

Matl. Testing

Lithography Device Process

Device Package

Electrical TestOptical Test

5 mm

� Photovoltaic process:� Highly reliable

� Low operation cost

� Environmentally safe

� Easy to install

� No moving parts

� Applications

� Residential

Cost-effective way to provide power

to remote area

� Space applications

satellite, space stations

Balakrishnam R. Jampana, Ph.D Thesis, WIDE BANDGAP InGaN SOLAR CELLS: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND DEVICE ENGINEERING,2010

Low cost High efficiency

Thin film

Organic

Tandem

Domestic Space

Thin film PV

Light weight

Radiation resistanceHigh efficiency

Applications:

Demands:

Technology:

Materials: Multicrystalline Si III-Nitrides

a-Si ; CIS; CdTe

Monocrystalline

Si

Cost vs High Efficiency Solar Cell

Antireflection Coatings Antireflection Coatings (ARC)(ARC)

T h e a c t i v e a r e a c o n v e r s i o n e f f i c i e n c y o f A l G a A s / S i s o l a r c e l l s a s h i g h a s 2 1 . 2 % i n t w o t e r mi n a l mo d e a nd 2 1 . 4 % i n f o ur - te rmi na lc o n f i g u r a t i o n u n d e r A M 0 , 1 s u n a t 2 7 C h a s b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d .

MOCVD growth of high quality AlGaAs on Si substrate for high efficiency solar cellsT.Soga,T.Kato, K.Baskar, T.Jimbo and M.UmenoJ. Crystal Growth 170 (1997) 447

Effect of thermal cyclic growth on deep levels in AlGaAs/Si heterostructures grown by MOCVD K.Baskar, T.Soga, C.L.Shao, T.Egawa, T.Jimbo and M.UmenoApplied surface science 113 (1997) 573

MOCVD growth of high efficiency current -matched AlGaAs/Si tandem solarcellT.Soga, K.Baskar, T.Kato, T.Jimbo and M.UmenoJ. Crystal Growth 174 (1997) 579

High quality GaAs epitaxial layers grown from Ga-As-Bi solutions liquid phase epitaxyS.Saravanan, K.Jeganathan, K.Baskar, J.Kumar, C.Subramanian, T.Soga, T.Jimbo, B.M.Arora and M.UmenoJapan. J. Appl. Phys. 36 (1997) 3385

Liquid phase epitaxial system for the growth of III-V compound semiconductorsS.Saravanan, K.Jeganathan, K.Baskar, J.Kumar and C.SubramanianCommunications in Instrumentation 4 (1997) 225

Heteroepitaxial technologies on Si for high efficiency solar cellsM.Umeno, T.Soga, K.Baskar and T.JimboSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 50 ( 1997) 203

Solar Cell Efficiencies Solar Cell Efficiencies

FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR LED PROJECT

MOCVD –Class 10000 Clean Room

Photoluminescence System

HXRD for Epitaxial Layers

Since 17th May 1794 « LEDs with Solar - the light of the world and future of the Buildings»

Joyful &Colourful

INDIASince 07 September 1990

Thank You Thank You