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Driving economic growth, educational innovation, and workforce development for South Carolina

Clemson University Restoration Institute

Challenges: Introducing New Technologies into the Offshore Wind Industry

Dr. Nikolaos Rigas, Associate Director

As an emerging technology, US offshore wind power still faces many challenges.• Cost of power• Competition with existing ocean use• No experience or critical mass (Jones Act)• Technology advances occurring overseas• Lack of consistent regulatory policy• Unable to monetize full value of technology

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Future of Offshore Wind Driven

by Overseas Markets

• China targets 30 GW by 2030 requiring over 6000 units and > $100Bn.• France announces $14Bn in investment.• UK targets additional 6400 turbines over next 10 years at > $150 Bn• Germany pushes for 25GW by 2030 and 95 GW by 2050. • Japan announces 1GW farm off the coast of Fukushima. • India and Brazil looking at heavy investments in next 10 years.

•Turbulence•Storms•Gusts•Waves•Corrosion•Access•Interconnection

Challenges ofOffshore Conditions

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Prototypes installed near shore

Prototypes installed offshore

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Test Capabilities: Global Footprint

Value Proposition

• Improved preventative maintenance program and

operations.

• Reproduce critical field events.

• Testing and failure analysis.

$$ Lower cost of energy delivered $$

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Energy Systems Center

Public/Private partnership to develop new technologies and accelerate them to the market to reduce the cost of energy delivered and educate the workforce of the future.

ProjectMilestones

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7.5 MW Wind Turbine Test Facility

15 MW Wind Turbine Test Facility

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World-class Development and Testing Systems

Connecting to the Electrical Grid:

• new technologies that must play a significant role in power system stability.

• the ability to replicate a complex dynamic system for testing purposes.

• extensive testing of hardware and software to meet safety and quality assurance requirements through ‘fully integrated’ system testing.

• parallel model verification and validation of physical hardware to ensure higher reliability and stability once deployed on the electrical grid.

• educated workforce.

Advanced Testing Lowers the Risks and Costs of New Technology Introduction into the Market

Development Demonstration Verification

Deployment RisksTime to MarketTotal Costs

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Fault Ride-Through (FRT) Withstanding Curves from Around the World

Modified to reflect the present FERC standards from:  “Grid Code Requirements for Large Wind Farms: A Review of Technical Regulations and Available Wind Turbine Technologies” M. Tsili, Ch. Patsiouras, S. Papathanassiou

23.9 kV Utility Bus

7.5MW Test Stand

15MW Test Stand

Graduate Education Center500 kW Solar Array

23.9 kV 20 MVA Test Bus

Experimental Bay #1Experimental Bay #2Experimental Bay #3

15 MW HIL Grid Simulator

Up to three independent grid integration tests can run simultaneously in each of the three experimental bay’s 

4.16 kV 5 MVA Test Bus

NSF and Duke Energy FundedSituational Control Room 

Lab

15 MW Grid Integration Testing, Research and Education Facility

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Integrating new technologies into the electrical grid

• Power Set Points

• Voltage and Frequency Variations

• Controls Evaluation

• Power Set Points

• Voltage and Frequency Variations

• Controls Evaluation

Steady State and Envelope Evaluations

• Voltage Flicker

• Harmonic Evaluations

• Anti‐Islanding (Software)

• Voltage Flicker

• Harmonic Evaluations

• Anti‐Islanding (Software)Power Quality Evaluations

• Frequency Response

• Active Volt‐VAR Control

• Active Frequency Regulation

• Frequency Response

• Active Volt‐VAR Control

• Active Frequency RegulationAncillary Services

• Low Voltage Ride‐Through (LVRT)

• Unsymmetrical Fault Ride‐Through

• High Voltage Ride‐Through (HVRT)

• Low Voltage Ride‐Through (LVRT)

• Unsymmetrical Fault Ride‐Through

• High Voltage Ride‐Through (HVRT)

Grid Fault Ride‐Through Testing

• Recreation of field events  with captured waveform data

• Recreation of field events  with captured waveform dataOpen Loop Testing

• Simulated dynamic behavior and interaction between grid and the device under test

• Simulated dynamic behavior and interaction between grid and the device under test

Hardware‐In‐the‐Loop Testing

Increasin

g level of d

ifficulty

Thank You…

…..Questions?