challenges of implementing the environmental protection
TRANSCRIPT
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Challenges of Implementing the Environmental Protection Law in
Sri Lanka
Dr. Anusha Edirisinghe – University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka
Mr. M.L. Mahesh Premarathna- South Asian University India
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Content
Rationale Objective Literature Review Data Analysis Suggestions
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SRI LANKA POLICE
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Rationale
There is an environmental police unit in Sri Lanka, but it has been
difficult to maintain the environmental friendly behaviour
due to legal, social, economic, political and environmental factors.
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• It is the general belief that the environmental police
unit will work for the protection of environment. • The primary task of the police is to enforce the law
and order in keeping with the legal frame work. • To carry out their duties towards a better
environment legislators must provide laws pertaining to environmental matters.
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• The laws governing environmental issues and the punishments must be sensible to make
them practical to implement by the police. • Specially the environmental laws prevailing in Sri
Lanka are outdated and belong to the colonial era. • Therefore these colonial laws must come under
reformation.
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Ancient Sri Lanka
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Former penalties were adequate to keep the cities and towns to be equally
cleaned.
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• The law enforcement body of a peaceful society is the police.
• The police is provided to interfere in to the breach of environmental matters ONLY under the Criminal law to protect the peaceful nature of the society.
• Therefore it was clearly evident to the researchers the prevailing law in the country does not provide new environmental protection laws to be put in to enforce. 9 ANUSHA EDIRISINGHE/ WRF 2015 -DAVOS
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• It is expected ordinary decent people will follow the
environmental laws of the country in order to protect the natural environment.
• At a time of environmental crisis the police is always helpless as their scope of implementing the law is limited.
• But there is an environmental authority and environmental protection laws and regulations.
• So it is clear that there is a wide gap to be bridged by the legislators who are responsible of framing laws.
• Therefore in this study researches see the problem is not due to the fact that lack of public awareness and peoples
consciousness of protection of the environment. 10 ANUSHA EDIRISINGHE/ WRF 2015 -DAVOS
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Objective of the Study
To analyze the challenges of Implementing the environmental protection laws in contemporary Sri Lanka.
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Literature Review
• According to Anthony Giddens (2009), “the environment is assumed to mean all of those non-human, natural surroundings within which human being exists - sometimes called the ‘natural environment’- and in it’s widest sense this is simply planet Earth as a whole” (Giddens 2009: 158).
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• As of M. Prasad (2006) states, “environmental measures to regulate emissions of air and water are important because of the limitations of market induced correctives”
(Prasad 2006: 1).
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• J. S. Poesche (1996) mentions that “from a practical standpoint, flexible punishment rules and laws are needed in the field of environmental protection because of its dynamic nature and the diversity in the recipient’s characteristics, but care has to be taken to avoid a perception of partiality, favouritism and inequality” (Poesche 1996: 1080).
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• M. A. Rabie (1972) states “serious attempts to control legally certain forms of pollution have been made as long as the thirteenth century.
• For example, the first smoke abatement law was passed in 1273 in England; enforcement by way of execution of offenders was not unknown” (Rabie 1972: 247).
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• With regard to China, as Carlos Wing Hung Lo and Sai Wing Leung (2000) mention, “despite the fact that environmental agencies are weak institutions within the bureaucratic setting in China, the Guangzhou experience has shown that they can create a more favourable context by obtaining greater extra-bureaucratic support for environmental protection” (Lo and Leung 2000: 703).
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Methodology Sources
Primary Sources Community
Police officers
Secondary sources Acts/academic
articles/ police records
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Sample
Community Random Sample
207
Police Officers Purposive Sample
60
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Study Area
Police Division Colombo 1
Police Division Colombo 2
Police Division Colombo 3
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Data Collection Methods
Interview Method Questionnaire Observation
Pilot Survey
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Data Analysis - SPSS package
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Ethnicity Distribution
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Sinhala Muslim Tamil Burger
68.1
17.4 14.0
.5
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0.010.020.030.040.050.060.0
Buddhist Christian Islam Hindu Other
52.7
18.4 17.9 9.7
1.4
Distribution of various Religions
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Marital Status of the Sample
84%
16%
Married
Single
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Distribution of Age
.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
BELOW15
15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 &abv
.5 3.9
17.9
28.0
23.7 26.1
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Level of Education
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
1.4
8.2 4.5
24.1
37.7
0.9 1.4 1.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
15.0
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Respondents from Police Stations of Colombo
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0 39.1
21.3 14.2 11.7
5.1 3.0 2.5 2.5 0.5
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Environmental Issues
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0 38.9
25.1
18.2
5.3 4.6 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0
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Respondent awareness on Environmental Police
60.2 39.8 NOYES
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Contribution of Environment Police
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
VeryGood
Good General Weak VeryWeak
Don'tKnow
6.3 0.5
48.7
19.6 9.0
15.9
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Assistant of Environment Police at Environmental Issues
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.053.0
18.2 10.6 9.1 4.5 3.0 1.5
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Community perspective of changing the way of Environmental Oriented
Law
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.033.3
21.3 18.7 16.0
4.0 2.7 1.3 1.3 1.3
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Feedback of People on the Police of Environmental Issues
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0 51.5
25.8 13.6
4.5 3.0 1.5
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Satisfaction of Preventive Measures
80.1
19.9
NoYes
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5.4%
27.0%
10.8% 56.8%
Inspector of Police(IP)Sub Inspector (SI)
Sergeant (Sgt)
Police Constable (PC)
Distribution of Respondents (Police Officers)
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0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%
Below 12Months
1 Year- 3Years
4 Years - 6Years
17.9%
60.7%
21.4%
Experience on Environmental Police
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56.8%
43.2%
NoYes
The Environmental Police With Special Training
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16.2%
83.8%
NoYes
Duty on Urban Areas
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0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%
Verysatisfied
Satisfied Generallysatisfied
NotSatisfied
19.0% 21.6%
56.7%
2.7%
Satisfaction with the Legal Provisions
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46.7%
53.3%
NoYes
Requirement of Imposing New Laws
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Proposal for Resolving Environmental Issues The involve of URBAN COUNCIL or MUNICIPAL COUNCIL to cleaning on time Amending the Police Ordinance Changing attitudes of Government officers to take immediate action against environment pollution Maintain all waste-pipe, channel and other public areas by systematic period Conducting awareness programms to staff of provincial council to take immediate action according to environmental pollution Conducting awareness programms to general public about the environmental pollution aware about the law against environmental pollution Conducting awareness programms to general public about the environmental pollution aware about the law against environmental pollution
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Using of Enactment for Environmental Related Matters Penal Code, National Road Ordinance, Criminal Procedural Code Mine & Mineral Ordinance, Wildlife Act, National Environmental Act, Agrarian Development Act, Archeology Act, Land Reclamations Act and Police Ordinance
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The Newly Stipulated Agencies related to environmental Issues
Central Environmental
Authority Dept. of Coastal Conservation
Dengue prevention Authority vested around Public Health Office
Urban Council/Provincial Council Agrarian Department
Low Land Development Authority
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The Environmental Police Dependence on Implementation of Environmental Laws under,
• Police Ordinance -
Article 63 • Criminal Procedure - Article 98 & 262
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The acts passed by the legislators to safeguard the environment are very attractive,
and the agencies created by the acts are vested with powers to protect the environment.
BUT
to enforce the legal authority of the said stipulated agencies must have the support of
the police.
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Suggestions ……. Modifying the penalty of breach of environmental protection laws, to give the full weight of the law to the offenders. Empowering the Sri Lankan Police to implement the environmental protection laws by giving the necessary authority with the new set of legal enactments. Opinion of the researchers is that presently they do not suggest with new areas of environmental laws.
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Sri Lanka Today New socio-environmental demands.
Call for a new legal frame work to be drafted and ratified.
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Thanks Dr. Anusha Edirisinghe
Senior Lecturer in criminology Deputy Director, Centre for Gender Studies
Dept. of Sociology University of Kelaniya,Sri lanka
[email protected] edirisinghe.kln.ac.lk
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