CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

1.1. Status & Trends : Status & Trends : selected indicatorsselected indicators

Reported landingsReported landings

State of stocksState of stocks

Fleet sizeFleet size

EmploymentEmployment

FoodFood

TradeTrade

STATUS & TRENDS IN STATUS & TRENDS IN FISHERIESFISHERIES

High level of overexploitation (about 30% High level of overexploitation (about 30% of main stocks; most others highly of main stocks; most others highly exploited)exploited)

Severe reduction in abundance of key Severe reduction in abundance of key species (fishing down the food chain)species (fishing down the food chain)

Significant environmental degradation Significant environmental degradation (mangrove, coral reefs, sea beds, etc.) (mangrove, coral reefs, sea beds, etc.)

High level of overcapacity (fleet size High level of overcapacity (fleet size down in number since the late 90’s but down in number since the late 90’s but not necessarily so for fishing power)not necessarily so for fishing power)

STATUS & TRENDS IN STATUS & TRENDS IN FISHERIESFISHERIES

Increased competition for access to stocks Increased competition for access to stocks (industrial vs. small scale commercial or (industrial vs. small scale commercial or small scale recreational; international small scale recreational; international competition for access to EEZs or High competition for access to EEZs or High Sea)Sea)

High level of illegal, non reported and non High level of illegal, non reported and non regulated (IUU) fishing regulated (IUU) fishing

Growth in international trade of fish, Growth in international trade of fish, capital intensity and vertical concentration capital intensity and vertical concentration

Severe socio-economic impacts on Severe socio-economic impacts on industry, food security and poverty industry, food security and poverty

Reported marine productionReported marine production

World

Capture

Aquaculture

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2003

Million

ton

nes

World excluding China

Capture

Aquaculture

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2003

Million

ton

nes

Stocks trends: 1974-2003Stocks trends: 1974-2003

Overexploited

Fully exploited

“Under” exploited

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

International tradeInternational trade

Trade has been growing at a reducing rate

-20-10

010203040506070

1976

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2003

Valu

e (

Bill

ion

US

$)

-0.1-0.0500.050.10.150.20.250.30.35

Gro

wth

rate

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1945 1965 1985 2005 2025 2045

New

reg

istr

atio

ns

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Fle

et s

ize

Fleet size: From past to Fleet size: From past to futurefuture

?

2. Selected issues2. Selected issues

OverfishingOverfishingOvercapacity / fleet size Overcapacity / fleet size Economic viabilityEconomic viabilitySubsidiesSubsidiesBycatch and discardsBycatch and discardsMonitoring (MCS)Monitoring (MCS)Right-based systemsRight-based systemsNatural oscillationsNatural oscillationsFishmealFishmealStatisticsStatisticsCapacity-buildingCapacity-buildingRFMOsRFMOsNon-tariff barriers & Non-tariff barriers & tradetradePrecautionary approachPrecautionary approach

Extinction and FAO-Extinction and FAO-CITESCITESCapture-based Capture-based aquacultureaquacultureLabor standardsLabor standardsCatch certificationCatch certificationEcolabellingEcolabellingDeep sea fisheriesDeep sea fisheriesStock recoveryStock recoveryBiodiversity, Biodiversity, ecosystemecosystemIUUIUUClimate changeClimate changeDecentralization & co-Decentralization & co-managementmanagementEthics – Animal Ethics – Animal welfarewelfare

““Classical”Classical” ““New/Emerging”New/Emerging”

3. OVERALL CHALLENGE3. OVERALL CHALLENGE ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN GOVERNANCE ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN GOVERNANCE

FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORKFrom the old productivist paradigm: From the old productivist paradigm: not accounting effectively for limits to production not accounting effectively for limits to production based on open access (even if often regulated) based on open access (even if often regulated) complemented by basic conservation measures complemented by basic conservation measures

(stock/habitat protection).(stock/habitat protection).

Toward a new management paradigm Toward a new management paradigm based based on: on:

New policy framework: Code of Conduct for responsible New policy framework: Code of Conduct for responsible Fisheries (1995) and related international instrumentsFisheries (1995) and related international instruments

effective access control and rightseffective access control and rights industry participation and some form of co-managementindustry participation and some form of co-management effective integration of management and conservation effective integration of management and conservation

measures.measures.

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTA. Undertake institutional reform A. Undertake institutional reform

Review and systematically adapt laws, Review and systematically adapt laws, policies, institutions and decision making policies, institutions and decision making processes to the new policy framework processes to the new policy framework (CCRF ++)(CCRF ++)

Adapt approaches and measures for Adapt approaches and measures for effective access control (direct or indirect)effective access control (direct or indirect)

Adapt economic incentives & disincentives Adapt economic incentives & disincentives (subsidies, fiscal measures)(subsidies, fiscal measures)

Address the issue of responsibilities, rights Address the issue of responsibilities, rights and co-management with stakeholderand co-management with stakeholder

Address the issue of multilevel governanceAddress the issue of multilevel governance

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT B. Address related core issuesB. Address related core issues

Define/redefine fisheries management units Define/redefine fisheries management units (ecosystems, fisheries, fleet segments, etc.)(ecosystems, fisheries, fleet segments, etc.)

Reduce fishing capacity when it exits; freeze Reduce fishing capacity when it exits; freeze capacity and reduce effort if the only capacity and reduce effort if the only workable solution in the short-medium term;workable solution in the short-medium term;

Research and adopt measure for Research and adopt measure for reconstitution of major stocks affected by reconstitution of major stocks affected by overexploitationoverexploitation

Address IUU issues as per the guidance Address IUU issues as per the guidance provided by the IPOA and through the provided by the IPOA and through the mainstreaming of fisheries management mainstreaming of fisheries management measuresmeasures

Reconcile fisheries management and Reconcile fisheries management and conservation: forcing the linkage so as to conservation: forcing the linkage so as to avoid the tendency to conserve while ‘letting avoid the tendency to conserve while ‘letting go of management’go of management’

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENTCHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENTC. Enhance international cooperationC. Enhance international cooperation Strengthen Regional Fisheries Strengthen Regional Fisheries

Management Organizations Management Organizations Assist developing countries in organizing Assist developing countries in organizing

and developing the capacities required for and developing the capacities required for fisheries management fisheries management

Enhance cooperation for the Enhance cooperation for the implementation of key fisheries implementation of key fisheries management instruments management instruments (CCRF, Fish Stock (CCRF, Fish Stock and Compliance Agreement, IPOAs on capacity and Compliance Agreement, IPOAs on capacity and IUU, etc.)and IUU, etc.)

Provide support to more appropriately Provide support to more appropriately address new issues at the global level address new issues at the global level (e.g. (e.g. through coordinated research, global assessment, through coordinated research, global assessment, international expert reviews and global international expert reviews and global consultations) consultations)

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT D. Account for the Social ResponseD. Account for the Social Response

Media Storming Media Storming Societal call for conservation (but not Societal call for conservation (but not

necessarily for fisheries necessarily for fisheries management) management)

Consumer mobilisationConsumer mobilisation Court actions Court actions

4. CONCLUSIONS4. CONCLUSIONSMany issues to be addressedMany issues to be addressedNew demands to be expected from more New demands to be expected from more active stakeholders active stakeholders Main challenge is to not forget Main challenge is to not forget fundamental requirements for fundamental requirements for management and focus on developing an management and focus on developing an enabling environment for the enabling environment for the implementation of existing instruments - implementation of existing instruments - as recommended by COFI 2005as recommended by COFI 2005

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION