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Challenges with Road Safety in India

▪ Availability & Optimum use of funds

for road safety

▪ Lack of sufficient Signage/ Road

Furniture

▪ Lack of common standard across

Roads

▪ Use of varied Material for support

posts/ substrate

▪ Varied Design, Fonts – non

adherence to IRC 67 Specifications

▪ Lack of Maintenance and timely

replacement of Signs / Furniture

Key Issues

Code of Practice for Road Marking

IRC-35 : 2015“Code of Practice for Road Marking”

Referred International Manuals

MUTCD,USA EN STANDARDS

AUSTRALIA / NEW ZELAND

JAPANJAPANESE PAVEMENT MARKING

MALAYSIA

INDIA

TEXAS


Performance Based Specs

Current Recipe Based Specs

Main Objective of Up-gradation of IRC-35


Recipe Specs in MORT&H “Specification for Road & Bridge Works “


Introduction

Road Marking

- lines, patterns, words

- controlling, warning, guiding and informing the road users.

Features of Road Marking

▪ Guides & regulate traffic

▪ Delineation of traffic path for safe movement

▪ channelize the pedestrians & cyclists movement into safe location

▪ include longitudinal & transverse markings, text and symbols


Road Marking Material & General Features

Code of Practice for Road Markings

Type of Material for Road Markings

1. Thermoplastic Markings (Hot applied thermoplastic

compound)

2. Solvent borne and Waterborne Road Marking Paint

3. Cold Applied Plastics

4. Preformed Adhesive Tapes


Thermoplastic Markings

▪ mixture of plasticizer & resins that serves to hold all of the other

ingredients together.

▪ fast drying time and highly durable

▪ better retro reflective performance than that of ordinary road

marking paint.

▪ The service life of one application ranges from 2 to 3 years,

depending on traffic volumes.


Solvent Borne & Waterborne Road Marking Paints

▪ Water-based ( acrylics) paint is environmentally friendly

▪ Solvent based ( oil, alkyd based), release volatile organic compounds

▪ Water based is easier to handle compared to solvent-based paints

▪ Water-based paints can be opened to traffic quicker

▪Generally used in construction work zone for temporary marking


Cold Applied Plastics

▪ Generally Used for Coloured pavement marking.

▪ best means to provide audible raised pavement marking for edge

lines.

▪ more durable than thermoplastic markings in retaining the original

colour and luminance values.


Preformed Adhesive Tapes

▪ continuous rolls of various lengths and widths.

▪ Easy to apply and less drying or curing period.

▪ high initial cost but would offer more service life in locations with high traffic volumes

▪ suitable for those locations that require frequent replacement of pavement markings.

▪ Application : They are used for object markings and transverse lines in high-traffic areas.

63. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.

© 3M 2008. All Rights Reserved.

Preformed Adhesive Tapes


IRC 35 : 2015 Page No. 18

Preformed Adhesive Tapes : Application

PRE-MARKING TAPE APPLICATION FINAL COMPACTING


Preformed Patterned Tapes

Critical Spots – Pedestrian Crossings



Stamark Tapes


Classification of Pavement Marking

▪ Longitudinal Marking ( LM )

▪ Transverse Marking ( TM )

▪ Hazard Marking ( HM )

▪ Block Marking (BM)

▪ Arrow Marking ( AM)

▪ Directional Marking (DM)


Classification of Pavement Markings

Longitudinal Marking ( LM )

- along the traffic movement.

- broken lines, single/double continuous lines and

continuity lines are classified under Longitudinal

Marking and abbreviated as LM01, LM02, LM03


Longitudinal Marking ( LM)


Classification of Pavement Markings

Transverse Marking ( TM )

- across the carriageway for traffic control

- broken lines, single/double continuous lines such as

Stop marking and Give way marking

- TM shall always be accompanied with

Corresponding sign

Transverse Marking ( TM )


Hazard Marking ( HM )


Block Marking (BM)

The zebra crossing for pedestrians, triangular and chequered marking forspeed breakers


Arrow Markings (AM)

- arrows painted on carriageway


Directional Markings


Road Marking : Current scenario & Issues

Issues

Poor Night Visibility

& Road Presence

Effect

Accident danger

at critical spots

3M Road Furniture for improving visibility on India roads

Aluminum Flexible Prismatic Sheeting

Median Markers

Roll up Signs Delineators

Raised Pavement Markers

Application of RPM / Cat Eye/ Road Studs

Edge Line

Centre Line

Common Problems with Local RPM’s / Cat Eye / RPM

Inferior Plastic Material

Fixed with metal nails

Non- reflective at Night

Broken Lens


3M Raised Pavement Markers▪ RPM helps improve delineation along

with road marking

▪ Application : Edge line and / or Centre /

skip Line

▪ RPMs increase preview distances 2 to 3

times

▪ Performs even during rainy / foggy or

extreme climatic condition

MORTH Specs

▪ Material of Body : Plastic & no metal

▪ Compressive Strength : Min 13,635 Kg

▪ Fixed by Using Adhesive : No nails

▪ Retro Reflective Area : ≤ 13 Sqcm

▪ Height 20 mm & Width 130mm

3M Moulded Shank RPM

▪ Body : Polycarbonate & Completely Filled

▪ Compressive Strength : 16,000 Kg

▪ Application : Two Polymer Shank with

epoxy; Improves durability

▪ Colors : White/ Red/ Yellow


IRC 35 : 2015 PageNo.80

Road Studs : Spacing

Table 5.1: Road Studs for Undivided Roads

Description Normal Section Warning Section No Overtaking SectionApplicabl

e FiguresRoad

Category

Traffic

Movement

Carriage

way

Centre

LineEdge Line

Traffic

lane Line

Centre

LineEdge Line

Traffic

lane Line

Centre

LineEdge Line

Traffic

lane Line

Single/Inter

mediate

Lane Road

Two way < 5.5m NA

Red-

White Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

NA NA

Red-

White Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Optional)

NA NA

Red-

White Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

NA Fig 4.4

Two Lane

Road

without

paved

Shoulder

Two way5.5m to

7m

White-

White Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

Red-

White Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

NA

White-

White Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-

White Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

NA

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-

White Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

NA Fig 4.5

Two Lane

Road with

Paved

Shoulder

Two way >7m

White-

White Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

NA

White-

White Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

NA

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

NA Fig 4.6

Three Lane

Undivided

Road

Two way >11m

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

Not

Required

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

Not

Required

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

White-

White Bi-

directiona

l at 6m

interval

(Optional)

Fig 4.7

Four Lane

Undivided

Road

Two way >14

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 18m

interval

(Optional)

Not

Required

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 9m

interval

(Desirable)

Not

Required

Yellow-

Yellow Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

Red-White

Bi-

directional

at 6m

interval

(Desirable)

White-

White Bi-

directiona

l at 6m

interval

(Optional)

Fig 4.8


IRC 35 : 2015 Page No. 81

Road Studs

Spacing : 18m

Spacing: 9 m

Spacing:6 m

Solar Raised Pavement Marker

• LED based solar RPMs are becoming popular in India.

• 3M Solar RPM is designed with highly engineered plastic body and is suitable for Indian road conditions which can take heavy traffic loads of over 20 tons.

• This Solar RPM provides 360 Degree uniform illumination using 3M’s Light Guide Technology

Features & Benefits


3M Flexible Median marker – The new way of median visibility

Feature Advantage Benefits

Innovative Flame like Design

structure Better visual appearance Increases visibility at night for safe driving

Flexible Thermoplastic Body Bounce Back on impact

▪ Vandal proof against impact

▪ Lesser chances of people tripping over median marker

Vertical design Increased reflectivity

High reflectivity gives better visual appearance to the

driver

Fluorescent Type XI DG3

Reflective sheeting

Long Distance visibility in day &

night Provides longer response time for safer driving

RPM Like Shank Reduce application time Increases productivity lead in reduction of labour charge

Shank Based Grouting Narrow foot print

▪ Easy installation on narrow width medians

▪ Reduced epoxy consumption

Edge Sealed Reflective Sheeting

Vandal resistant against sheeting

peel off Longer durability & reflectivity service life

High performance Thermoplastic

engineering Grade material Better performance Long term durability

Challenges of current Median Marker

Large Foot print

Vandalized by foot impact


3M Median Markers help avert accidents

Rainy / Foggy Day Visibility

Night time visibility


3M Aluminum backed Flexible Prismatic Sheeting

Roundabout at Haldwani, UP Round About in Bangalore

Ghat Road, Ooty Bull Nose at Toll Plaza

▪ Non metallic Prismatic Type VI reflective sheeting

▪ Dead folding (takes any shape)

▪ Applied on any rough surfaces : tree trunks, concrete,

metals, etc.

▪ Concealed edges

▪ Longer product life

▪ No resale value ; less chances of vandalism

Current Practice

▪ Yellow / White Paint

▪ Nailed Reflective Plate

▪ Hazard Marker

3M Aluminum Prismatic Sheeting


3M Delineators

Polycarbonate outer sleeve

White Retro-reflective sheeting

Red Retro-reflective sheeting

Powder coated metal body

▪ Larger area of retro-reflective sheeting

▪ Catches attention from long distance

▪ Concealed edges & Longer Product Life

▪ Powder coated metal

▪ Low chance of vandalism

▪ Confirming to IRC 79-1981

Features & BenefitsRIGID DELINEATORMETAL DELINEATOR

s

CASE BASED ILLUSTRATIONS

Night

DAY

Current Scenario: No Road Delineation

Day

Night

View With Road furniture

Illustration and Impact: Straight Stretch

Night

Day

View With Road furniture

Illustration and Impact: Blind Curves

Traffic Control Devices & Night-time Visibility

for Construction Work Zone


Construction Work Zone

No or Bare

minimum signs

Little or improper

barricading

Minimal night time

visibility

Poor road

surface

Narrow lanes

for vehicle

movement

Lack of Work Zone Traffic Management Plan, Signs & Traffic Control Devices

Current practices :

Existing Lane, new lane constructionTree Cutting in progress

Barricade:

Elements of Traffic Control Zone

Warn road user of approaching hazard

It guides traffic flow into working zone

Actual construction is being undertaken.

Clear work area & return to normal traffic

lanes

Advance Warning Zone

Current Scenario

Proposed Changes (Day)

Orange Retro reflective sign

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