chaloupe global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries funded...

15
CHALOUPE CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005 "Biodiversity" managed by the French Institute of Biodiversity 3.5 M€ for 3 years (2006-2008) Coordination : Fabian BLANCHARD, Ifremer-Cayenne, French Guyana

Upload: florentin-brisset

Post on 03-Apr-2015

103 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

CHALOUPECHALOUPE

Global change, dynamics of exploited marine Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheriesbiodiversity and viability of fisheries

Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005 "Biodiversity" managed

by the French Institute of Biodiversity

3.5 M€ for 3 years (2006-2008)

Coordination : Fabian BLANCHARD, Ifremer-Cayenne, French Guyana

Page 2: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

major changes (global changes)

in marine ecosystems (human activities; climate change)

of human activities depending on these ecosystems, in particular fisheries

uncertainties

changes in and losses of biodiversity of marine communities, and risks of irreversible changes

consequences in terms of economic value and of the viability of fisheries

adaptation capacity ?

of communities

of current marine living resources harvesting modes

ContextContext

Page 3: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Research object :Research object :

The evolution of exploited marine communities – fisheries systems

Interfaces between ecological and socio-economic systems

Dynamics depend on interactions between ecological and economic processes

Influence of many forcing factors :

climate and ocean

institutional framework

economic context

Economic & institutional

context

Harvesting dynamics

Ecological dynamics

Human impacts,

Climate change

Page 4: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

identify the main drivers of bio-economic changes in three systems over the past decades

Contribute to the definition of scenarios of future changes in these three systems

ObjectiveObjective

Temperate continental shelf of the Bay of

Biscay

Moroccan upwelling area Amazonian continental shelf of the French Guyana

Page 5: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

At the ecosystem scale, for 2 or 3 past decades,

Identify the environmental changes (due to cycles or climate changes)

Identify the biodiversity changes of the demersal marine community of the continental shelf in relation to the environmental changes described previously and the impact of fishing

Identify the economic context and the institutional framework as well as their changes

Identify the changes within the fisheries in relation to biodiversity changes and economic and institutional changes

More precisely…More precisely…

Page 6: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Work Package 1 - Changes in community : temporal variability and trends of the physical environment and fishing effects;

WP 2 - Changes in fisheries : biodiversity changes (described in WP1), and economic and institutional context;

WP 3 - Diagnosis on the ecological and economic status and viability conditions of the communities/fisheries systems;

WP 4 – Simulation models of the communities/fisheries systems

Structure…Structure…

Page 7: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Modeling of the studied processes

Results of the simulations will be compared to the observed temporal trajectories to support the interpretations from time series analyses.

Method : an integrated approachMethod : an integrated approach

Time series analysis

Indicators of the temporal variations of the systems (biological communities, fisheries)

Trend analyses (temporal trends of the indicators)

relationships between the observed indicator trends (correlations, multivariate analyses, qualitative combination)

Data collection / synthesis

environmental monitoring (physical factors)

scientific fishing surveys (biological sampling)

fishing fleet monitoring systems (structure, metiers, production)

evolutions in the economic and institutional contexts of fishing

Page 8: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Ecological DynamicsIfremer (Fisheries Sciences, Ecology

And Modeling, tropical Fishereis Sciences)

National Institute of Fisheries Science Research (Morocco)

Dynamiques économiquesIfremer (Marine Economics)

Univ. Bretagne Occidentale (Law and economics of the Sea)

CNRS-Museum

World Fish Center

ModélisationIRD (Upwelling Ecosystems)

CNRS-Museum

World Fish Center

ENI-Brest (Virtual Reality)

Univ. Littoral (informatics)

PartnershipPartnership

Page 9: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

21,5

22

22,5

23

23,5

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

SS

T (°

C)

1,4

2,4

3,4

4,4

5,4

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

IUP

24°N

Mov46 Moy Mov12

Indice upwelling

26

26,5

27

27,5

28

28,5

29

29,5

30

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

SS

T (°

C)

Wet season

Dry season

Vent (m.s-1)R2 = 0,4586

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

5,5

c-ju

il 8

9

c-ju

il 9

0

c-ju

il 9

1

c-ju

il 9

2

c-ju

il 9

3

c-ju

il 9

4

jan

v-ju

il 9

5

c-ju

il 9

6

c-ju

il 9

7

c-ju

il 9

8

c-ju

il 9

9

c-ju

il 2

00

0

c-ju

il 0

1

c-

juil

02

c-ju

il 0

3

c-ju

il 0

4

c-ju

il 0

5

c-ju

il 0

6

Facteurs hydro-climatiquesFacteurs hydro-climatiques

Page 10: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Impacts sur les peuplements de Impacts sur les peuplements de fonds…fonds…

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Sco

mb

erLi

thog

nath

usG

aleo

rhin

usS

paru

s au

rata

Das

yatis

Dic

olog

oglo

ssa

Zeu

s fa

ber

Syn

gnat

hus

acus

Squ

alus

Spa

rus

pagr

usM

ylio

bat

is a

quila

Bal

iste

sU

mb

rina

Mac

rorh

amph

osM

auro

licus

Hel

icol

enus

Mus

telu

sT

orpe

doS

olea

lasc

aris

Loph

ius

Tra

chur

usB

uglo

ssid

ium

Arn

oglo

ssus

Raj

a cl

avat

aE

ngra

ulis

Con

ger

cong

erT

rigl

a ly

raE

chio

don

Spo

ndyl

ioso

ma

Arn

oglo

ssus

Asp

itrig

laB

oops

boo

psD

icen

trar

chus

Arg

yros

omus

Sym

phod

usLa

bru

sT

rach

urus

Raj

a un

dula

taG

ymna

mm

odyt

esM

ullu

sC

apro

s ap

erC

epol

aP

agel

lus

acar

neS

corp

aena

Tri

gla

luce

rna

Sol

ea v

ulga

ris

Scy

liorh

inus

Asp

itrig

laA

ther

ina

Liza

ram

ada

Mic

roch

irus

Pag

ellu

sR

aja

naev

usR

aja

bra

chyu

raLa

bru

s b

ergy

ltaG

aleu

sD

icen

trar

chus

Che

lon

lab

rosu

sR

aja

mon

tagu

iP

omat

osch

istu

sS

ardi

naA

losa

alo

saE

nche

lyop

usLi

za a

urat

aH

ippo

cam

pus

Cal

liony

mus

lyra

Mer

lucc

ius

Pag

ellu

sM

olva

dip

tery

gia

Gob

ius

nige

rLe

pido

rhom

bus

Lesu

euri

ogob

ius

Eut

rigl

aP

leur

onec

tes

Sym

phod

usT

riso

pter

usA

phia

min

uta

Ech

iicht

hys

Raj

a fu

lloni

caT

rach

inus

dra

coC

allio

nym

usT

riso

pter

usS

coph

thal

mus

Mus

telu

sA

rgen

tina

Sco

mb

erLe

pido

rhom

bus

Alo

sa fa

llax

Raj

a ci

rcul

aris

Gad

icul

usG

aidr

opsa

rus

Cte

nola

bru

sP

hyci

sS

prat

tus

spra

ttus

Mol

va m

olva

Pse

tta m

axim

aM

icro

mes

istiu

sA

mm

odyt

esLo

phiu

sH

yper

oplu

sP

hryn

orho

mb

usH

yper

oplu

sM

erla

ngiu

sLi

man

da li

man

daM

icro

stom

us k

ittP

olla

chiu

s vi

rens

Pla

ticht

hys

Mel

anog

ram

mus

Gad

us m

orhu

aC

lupe

a ha

reng

usP

olla

chiu

sG

aidr

opsa

rus

Arg

entin

a si

lus

La

titu

de

Golfe de Gascogne

Abondance totale de poissons dans le Golfe de Gascogne

100

100000

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Années

No

mb

re d

'ind

ivid

us

par

tra

it d

e ch

alu

t sc

ien

tifi

qu

e

Espèces subtropicales

Boréales

Tempérées

Abondance totale de poissons dans le Golfe de Gascogne

100

100000

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Années

No

mb

re d

'ind

ivid

us

par

tra

it d

e ch

alu

t sc

ien

tifi

qu

e

Espèces subtropicales

Boréales

Tempérées

Blanchard et al., 2006

Page 11: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Dynamiques économiques associées à ces Dynamiques économiques associées à ces changements…changements…

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1980

1982

1984

1986

198

8

199

0

199

2

1994

199

6

199

8

200

0

2002

Crevettes

Petits pélagiques

Perciformes

Céphalopodes

Poulpe

Démersaux

Grands pélagiques

Sardine

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

-20

20-30

30-40

40-60

80-100

60-80

100 +

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1990

199

2

199

4

199

6

199

8

2000

200

2

2004

Sole commune

Seiche commune

SardinecommuneMerlu commun

Lieu jaune

Langoustine

Baudroie

Bar commun

Anchois commun

1,00

1,20

1,40

1,60

1,80

2,00

2,20

2,40

2,60

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

1995

199

6

1997

199

8

1999

200

0

2001

200

2

2003

Indice des prix

Indice des volumes

1,00

1,20

1,40

1,60

1,80

2,00

2,20

198

9

1990

199

1

1992

199

3

199

4

1995

199

6

199

7

199

8

1999

200

0

200

1

200

2

2003

200

4

200

5

200

6

Indice des prix

Indice des volumes

0,60

0,70

0,80

0,90

1,00

1,10

1,20

1,30

1,40

1,50

1990

1991

1992

1993

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

200

0

200

1

2002

2003

2004

2005

Indice des prix

Indice des volumes

Kifani et al., 2006 Steinmetz et al., 2007; LeFloc'h et al., 2007

Baisse de la valeur totale produite/Faible dépendance des prix aux apports locaux

Page 12: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Analyse conjointe économique et écologique - cas Analyse conjointe économique et écologique - cas GascogneGascogne

Steinmetz et al., 2007; LeFloc'h et al., 2007

Page 13: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

Dans ce contexte, quelle viabilité des systèmes Dans ce contexte, quelle viabilité des systèmes étudiés ?étudiés ?

Etude des domaines de co-viabilité des systèmes d’exploitation et des systèmes biologiques exploités

Nature des contraintes: écologiques (conditions de renouvellement, niveaux acceptables

de perturbation) économiques (rémunération minimale des facteurs de

production) sociales (conditions d’existence des systèmes d’exploitation)

L'exemple de la langoustine et L'exemple de la langoustine et du merlu dans le golfe de du merlu dans le golfe de

GascogneGascogne

Martinet et al., 2007

L'exemple de la crevette et de la L'exemple de la crevette et de la frégate sur le plateau de Guyanefrégate sur le plateau de Guyane

Martinet et Blanchard, 2007

Page 14: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

ModélisationModélisationDéveloppement de différents types de modèles pour la compréhension des Développement de différents types de modèles pour la compréhension des changements observés au sein des systèmes et de leur causeschangements observés au sein des systèmes et de leur causes

Systèmes économiques (marchés / pêcheries)

PeuplementsPopulation exploitée

Flottille

« F »

GG

Langoustine

GG

Langoustine

Monde – Petits pélagiques

Monde – Petits pélagiques

Maroc

OSMOSE

Maroc

OSMOSE

GG

Virtuocéan

GG

Virtuocéan

Flottilles

Populationsexploitées

Autres espèces

Guyane

Crevette

Frégates/Tortues

Guyane

Crevette

Frégates/Tortues

Formalismes multiples (commande viable, modèles de stocks et flux,

systèmes multi- agents), en fonction des processus étudiés

Modèle « pêche à travers les réseaux

trophiques »

Modèle « pêche à travers les réseaux

trophiques »

GG

Virtuocéan

GG

Virtuocéan

GG

Merlu- Langoustine

GG

Merlu- Langoustine

GG

Multi- espèces

GG

Multi- espèces

Viabilité /

références CI EM

Viabilité /

références CI EM

Guyane

crevette

Guyane

crevette

Page 15: CHALOUPE Global change, dynamics of exploited marine biodiversity and viability of fisheries Funded by the French national Agency of research – Call 2005

http://www.projet-chaloupe.fr