Markarian 357 (Mk357): uv-image tracing the young star clusters

STARBURST GALAXIES – course 2 ChampionsM82NGC253NGC1808NGC6240 Mrk231NGC1068Arp220

M82 (Uma A, 3C231, Arp337): nearby low-luminosity dwarf galaxy, brightest infrared source in the sky, with nuclear starburst, surrounded by hot ionised gas in ~500pc molecular torus; interacting with M81

Exploding cigar ….

L(FIR) ≈≈≈≈ 2 x 1011 L☼☼☼☼ M82 center: supernova remnants (> 30 years!), young supernovae and HII regions as seen in the radio;

M82’s spectacular X-ray halo superposed on host galaxy SNRs as well as massive X-ray binaries

Starburst-driven superwinds

SFRs orders of magn. higher than normal, plus SN rates in excess of 0.1/yr must have dynamical consequences: “starburst winds”

These are indeed seen on images and furthermore diagnosed from spectra (vel.broadening and line splitting)

Model: first bipolar cavity created by stellar mass loss, then bipolar outflow of SN driven hot gas

M82, NGC253, NGC1808, NGC3097, and many others

log (S60μμμμm /S 20cm) ≈≈≈≈ 2 : RADIO-FIR CORRELATION

!

NGC253starburst galaxy at d=2.5Mpc, displaying X-ray outflow, massive X-ray binaries (four centered on nucleus), and wind driven cavities

NGC253, as seen with HST

NGC1808d=12Mpc; warped dusty

disk; visible, infrared and radio hotspots inside

molec.gas ring; outflowing gas;

companion to NGC1792

NG

C180

8:

K-b

an

d /

Brγγγγ/ 10μμμμmBrγγγγ, [FeII], and H2

images are generally consistent with radio continuum (high resol.), and also to those in thermal IR

NGC6240d=120 Mpc; merging galaxy pair with tidal tails of stars, dust and gas; [NeII] but no Balmer or Brackett lines, hence post-starburst phase

[OIV] and [NeV] indicate* obscured AGN !

*55 vs. 99 eV: diagnosticL(FIR) ≈≈≈≈ 5 x 1011 L☼☼☼☼

NGC6240’s two accreting nuclei, imaged with Chandra

NGC4038/4039: The Antennae – another late merger

NGC1068[OIII] cones, NOT Hαααα ; aligned with radio jets; starburst in ring;

radio core in opaque dusty torus ���� AGN !

STARBURST – AGN SYMBIOSIS

NGC 1068(a) radio on 20 μμμμm(b) radio on 12 μμμμm(c) hi res radio on [OIII](d) with Brγγγγ contours(e) HII color plus CO contours(f) HII with 12 μμμμm and Brγγγγ

UV-selected Mk231:QSO & (warm) ULIRG with SFR of >100 M☼☼☼☼in circumnuclear ring

L(FIR) ≈≈≈≈ 3 x 1012 L☼☼☼☼Arp220$

prototypical ULIRG:* 90% of L in FIR* merger* extended @ 10μμμμm* ~ 1010 M☼☼☼☼ molec. gas

L(FIR) ≈≈≈≈ 2 x 1012 L☼☼☼☼$Resulting from IRAS BGS which yielded 324 galaxies brighter than 5Jy at 60 μμμμm (of which few were brighter than m=18 ...): 10 extra-ordinary objects !!

Classical SEDs!!

Hard-X-ray upper limits are below Seyfert/QSO figures for comparable luminosities, with exception of Mk231 (which has broad lines!)

Hot of the press ….

Note PAH-features (3.3, 6.2, 7.7 and 11.2 μμμμm) and silicate absorption (10μμμμm)

Note FIR strength and stars

Spitzer IRS spectra provide latest information

Assessing the starburst-AGN symbiosis:Infrared spectral line diagnostics:ISO, Spitzer, Herschel, …….