change has changed! handout

of 24

Changed Has Changed! Presented by Chris Shade, Director of District Improvement TIA July 26, 2012

expressed

I

Imagine a stack of 400 pennies. Each penny represents 250 years of human

culture, and the entire stack signifies the 100,000 years. Take the top one off the

stack. This one penny represents how many years our society has revolved

around factories and the jobs and the world as we see it. The other 399 coins

stand for a very different view of commerce, economy, and culture.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5UT04p5f7U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5UT04p5f7U

of 24

Do you remember the old American Dream? Keep your head down. Follow instructions. Show up on time. Work hard. Suck it up. …you will be rewarded.

That dream is over.

The new American Dream is this: Be remarkable. Be generous. Create art. Make judgment calls. Connect people and idea. …and we have no choice to reward you.

of 24

Here’s the deal our parents signed up for: Our world is filled with factories. Factories that make widgets and insurance and websites, factories that make movies and take care of sick people and answer the telephone. These factories need workers. If you learn how to be one of these workers, if you pay attention in school, follow instructions, show up on time, and try hard, we will take care of you. We will pay you a lot of money, give you health insurance, and offer you job security. It was the American Dream. It worked.

All of humanity’s scientific advances would have contributed little to our quality of life if they hadn’t been accompanied by equally astounding breakthroughts in management science. Over the past century, much of this innovation was focused on getting people to be as reliable as machines, a challenge that required a new and systematic approach to the problem of control. The name for that approach: bureaucracy. 184

In routinizing work, we risked routinizied human beings. Indeed, this was inevitable, since the goal of bureaucracy was (and is) to excise the human factor, to turn people into machines made of flesh and blood. 186

of 24

Most white-collar workers wear white collars, but they’re still working in the factory. They push a pencil or process an application or type on a keyboard instead of operating a [machine]. The white-collar job was supposed to save the middle class, because it was machine-proof. Of course, machines have replaced those workers. If we can measure it, we can do it faster. If we can put it in a manual, we can outsource it. If we can outsource it, we can get it cheaper.

But in the face of competition and technology, the bargain has fallen apart. Job growth is flat at best. Wages in many industries are in a negative cycle. The middle class is under siege like never before, and the future appears dismal. People are no longer being taken care of—pensions are gone; 401(k)s have been sliced in half; and it’s hard to see where to go from here. It’s futile to work hard at restoring the take-care-of-you bargain. The bargain is gone and it’s not worth whining about and it’s not effective to complain. There’s a new bargain now, one that leverages talent and creativity and art more than it rewards obedience. Change has changed. We are surrounded by all sorts of things that are changing at an exceptional pace: the number of mobile phones in the world, CO2 emissions, data storage, the power of semiconductor chips, the number of devices connected to the Internet, the number of genes that have been sequenced, world energy consumption, and knowledge itself. As human beings, we don’t have much experience with exponential change. 85

of 24

What are the most important inventions of the last 100 years? http://todaysmeet.com/bread

https://www.phoenix.edu/lectures/gary-hamel/management-matters.html

https://www.phoenix.edu/lectures/gary-hamel/management-2.html

https://www.phoenix.edu/lectures/gary-hamel/management-matters.html

https://www.phoenix.edu/lectures/gary-hamel/management-2.html

of 24

Most [organizations] end up shackled to one business model—and when it atrophies, so does the institution. 96

Truth is, every[thing] is successful until it’s not. 104

Change brings both promise and peril, but the proportion facing any particular organization depends on its capacity to adapt. And therein lies the problem: our organizations were never built to be adaptable. Those early management pioneers, a hundred years ago, set out to build companies that were disciplined, not resilient. The understood that efficiency comes from routinizing the nonroutine. 87

of 24

I’ve never met a leader who swears allegiance to the status quo, and yet few organizations seem capable of proactive change. How do we explain this? I think the answer lies, in part, with the difficulty we have in identifying our deeply engrained habits. [What are our deeply engrained habits?] 101

In our topsy-turvy world, you’re either going forward or going backwards—but you’re never standing still—and at the moment, a lot of organizations are going backwards. 95

I believe that institutional longevity has value, but I believe that every organization must continually earn its right to exist. 117

of 24

Once [an organization] crests the peak of industry leadership, its employees, from top to bottom, start to think defensively. The organizational ethos shifts from entrepreneurial to custodial. Executives who once challenged the status quo now defend it. As a company grows, its attention shifts from innovation to improvement. Discipline, focus, and alignment take center stage. As this happens, assets, skills, and processes become more specialized, and change becomes more incremental. All of this is great for efficiency but deadly for adaptability. After a while, all of the components of the business system are so tightly interlaced that almost any sort of change is apt to be seen as dangerously disruptive. 107

In most organizations, deep-rooted assumptions are the biggest barrier to adaptation. 122 [What deep-rooted assumptions do we hold?]

Organizations don’t die from “natural causes”. “They die from predictable causes”. 115

of 24

When organizations dies, it is usually from suicide, from the decisions made and not made, that rendered the institution unfit for the future. 115

Individuals change only when they have to, or when they want to. Deep change is usually crisis-driven. People are usually pushed to change by circumstance outside their control. In the absence of purpose, the only thing that will disrupt the status quo is pain. 130

There are three things you can do to inoculate yourself against denial. 99 First, be humble. Regard your industry beliefs as mere hypothesis, forever open to disconfirmation. Executives often say, “This is how our industry works.” My stock reply: “Yeah, until it doesn’t.” Second, be honest. Seek out the most discomforting facts you can find and share them with everyone in your organization. A leader has to confront the future, not discredit it. So find the dissident voices inside your organization and give them a platform. Another way to head off entropy is keep the mission paramount. It is easy, over time, to elevate form over function and confuse programs with purpose. 100

of 24

[Organizations] fail when they over-invest in “what is” at the expense of “what could be.” 124

There are only two things, I think, that can throw our habits into sharp relief: a crisis that brutally exposes our collective myopia, or a mission so compelling and preposterous that it forces us to rethink our time-worn practices. 101

There are only two things, I think, that can throw our habits into sharp relief: a crisis that brutally exposes our collective myopia, or a mission so compelling and preposterous that it forces us to rethink our time-worn practices. 101

of 24

Building a truly adaptable company is a lot of work. It requires a shift in aspirations, behaviors, and management systems. 88

Building a truly adaptable company is a lot of work. It requires a shift in aspirations, behaviors, and management systems. 88

[You can ask, what does Disneyland, Singapore Airlines, Fandango, or Lexus do, for example, to engender great customer experiences, and how might those practices be applied in our industry? Innovation isn’t always about invention; often it’s about borrowing great ideas from other industries.] Get a group of colleagues or customers together and ask each person to identify a product or service that dramatically reshaped their expectations—something that made them go “Wow! How amazing!” [Identify an experience that provoked a gusher of good feelings. Next, ask folks, what were the unique attributes of that experience that made it so memorable? How exactly did it defy their expectations? How might we leverage this idea to redefine customer expectations in our own industry?] 71

of 24

Trader Joe’s

[If Google, Facebook, Amazon, Virgin, or some other highly admired company was intent on reinventing your industry, how would they use their competencies and assets to do so, and what could you gain by partnering with them? As individuals learn to see their company and others from this perspective, the opportunities for innovation will multiply.] 68

Within any organization, it’s usually the malcontents and rebels who are the first to sense the impending demise of a long-cherished business model, and the first to see the value in wacky, new ideas. Yet these folks are often muzzled rather than encouraged to speak up. The best leaders are the ones who get the most options on the table before making a decision, and the most adaptable companies will be those that encourage folks to voice heretical viewpoints. 123

of 24

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=No1MxAnHuJM

If the values in the left-hand column distinguish Apple, what are the values that characterize your [organization]. 80

To be an innovator you have to challenge the beliefs that everyone else takes for granted—the long-held assumptions that blind industry incumbents to new ways of doing business. Innovators are natural contrarians (“What box?”), and with a little practice, anyone can learn how to uncover and challenge long-static beliefs. Here are a couple of questions you can use to arouse the contrarian instincts of your team: First, in what respects is our business model indistinguishable from that of our competitors? To what extent is our value proposition, service bundle, pricing, customer support, distribution, or supply chain undifferentiated? And second, what aspects of our business model have remained unchanged over the past 3-5 years? Whenever you identify a convergent belief, ask, does this rest on some inviolable law of physics, or is it simply an artifact of our devotion to precedent? 64

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=No1MxAnHuJM

of 24

Innovators don’t waste a lot of time speculating about what might change; they’re not big on scenario planning. They pay a lot of attention to the little things that are already changing, but have gone unnoticed by industry stalwarts. Innovators are constantly on the lookout for emerging discontinuities—in technology, regulation, lifestyle, values, and geopolitics—that could be harnessed to overturn old industry structures. What this requires is not so much a crystal ball as a wide-angled lens. You have to learn in places your competitors aren’t even looking. 65

Innovators don’t waste a lot of time speculating about what might change; they’re not big on scenario planning. They pay a lot of attention to the little things that are already changing, but have gone unnoticed by industry stalwarts. Innovators are constantly on the lookout for emerging discontinuities—in technology, regulation, lifestyle, values, and geopolitics—that could be harnessed to overturn old industry structures. What this requires is not so much a crystal ball as a wide-angled lens. You have to learn in places your competitors aren’t even looking. 65

You can’t outrun the future if you don’t see it coming. More often than not, companies miss the future not because it was unknowable, but because it was disconcerting. 120 The conversation about “where to go next” should be dominated by individuals who have their emotional equity invested in the future rather than in the past. It needs to be led by individuals who don’t feel the need to defend decisions that were taken ten or twenty years ago. 121

of 24

Principles for building an adaptable company: variety (you have to try a lot of new things); decentralization (you need to create mechanisms for bottom-up change); serendipity (you have to create more opportunities for unexpected encounters and unscripted conversations); and allocation flexibility (you have to make it easy for resources to find one another). 131

We need to turn the assumption of “organization first, human beings second” on its head. Instead of asking, how do we get employees to better serve the organization, we need to ask, how do we build organizations that deserve the extraordinary gifts that employees could bring to work? The most important task for any manager today is to create a work environment that inspires exception contribution and that merits an outpouring of passion, imagination, and initiative. 142

of 24

We have to say goodbye to the knowledge economy and say hello to the creative economy. Engagement may have been irrelevant in the industrial economy and optional in the knowledge economy, but it’s pretty much the whole game now. 142

[How can you expect people to be engaged in their work if their work isn’t engaging?] Three things are critical to engagement: first, the scope that employees have to learn and advance (are there opportunities to grow?); second, the company’s reputation and its commitment to making a difference in the world (is there a mission that warrants extraordinary effort?); and third, the behaviors and values of the organization’s leaders (are they trusted, do people want to follow them?)] 143

If we’re going to improve engagement we have to start by admitting that if employees aren’t as enthusiastic, impassioned, and excited as they could be, it’s not because work sucks, it’s because management blows.

of 24

[Ask yourself what task would you take on if you were free to choose? What boss would you work for if it were up to you?] 149

Low-trust, low engagement institutions will fail to fully exploit the talents of their members, and consequently be less innovative and resilent. The combination of heavy-handed regulation and underleveraged talent will result in institutions that are less competitive than they might be. And we deserve better. No on should have to work in an organization that feels more like a centrally planned economy than a vibrant, open community. 150 We understand we live in an uncertain world, where no one can guarantee our job security. We also understand that individual interests vary, and that no single organization can reconcile all our competing demands. Nevertheless, we expect our institutions to be our servants and not the reverse. This implies organizations that are built around some simple but important principles:

• Decentralize whenever possible

• Emphasize community over hierarchy

• Ensure transparency in decision making

• Make leaders more accountable to the led

• Align rewards with contributions, rather than power and position

• Substitute peer review for top-down review 151

To create an organization that’s adaptable and innovative, people need the freedom to challenge precedent, to “waste” time, to go outside of channels, to experiment, to take risks and to follow their passions. 163 Policies and rules are important—no organization can survive without them. Most organizations, though, are overcontrolled. That’s because control works like a ratchet. Managers are incentives to create rules, not abolish them. More rules mean more things to control, and that means more job security and more power. 164 If you’re a formally appointed leader, and you want to turn sheep into shepherds, you have to take off your leadership mantle and say to people, “I don’t have a plan, what’s yours?” That’s humbling, but it’s the only way to release the latent talents within your organization. Let people find the work that best suits their interests. This is the key to building a community of passion. When you force people into slots, you get slot-shaped contributions; you don’t get bold and astonishing contributions. If you want the

of 24

unexpected, you have to give people the freedom to do the unexpected. 162 To create an organization that’s adaptable and innovative, people need the freedom to challenge precedent, to “waste” time, to go outside of channels, to experiment, to take risks and to follow their passions. 163 Policies and rules are important—no organization can survive without them. Most organizations, though, are overcontrolled. That’s because control works like a ratchet. Managers are incentives to create rules, not abolish them. More rules mean more things to control, and that means more job security and more power. 164

172-174 Web-based collaboration

Have you ever been more enthused about something you were told to do, rather than something you chose to do? “Theory X” [is] a management mindset that regards employees as lazy and ill-disciplined. In this view, workers are shirkers. They will be industrious only to the extent they are monitored by supervisors and motivated by extrinsic rewards, such as money and the threat of punishment. Control, in a Theory X organization, comes from without, not within. “Theory Y”, by contrast, holds that employees are inherently self-motivating. They are eager to do a good job and will happily do so if given the chance. Here, motivation comes from the pride of accomplishment rather than from a clever amalgam of sticks and carrots. Build a high-trust organization and employees will reciprocate by exhibiting a high degree of self-control. 186 “I have no argument with control, per se. No organization can long survive without a strong spine of discipline. I do believe, though, that most organizations are overcontrolled and wrongly controlled. They are overcontrolled in the sense that managers try to control too many things, too tightly; and wrongly controlled in that control comes too much from supervisors and edits rather than from peers and norms.” Gary Hamel 188

of 24

As an emotional catalyst, wealth maximization [or test scores] lacks the power to mobilize the energies of every employee. It’s neither specific nor compelling enough to spur renewal. For these reasons, tomorrow’s management practices must be focused on the achievement of socially significant and noble goals. 246

Passion is a significant multiplier of human effort, particularly when like-minded individuals converge around a worthy cause. Companies must facilitate the emergence of communities of passion by allowing individuals to find a higher calling within their work lives, by connecting employees who share similar passions, and by better aligning the organization’s objectives with the natural interests of its employees. 248

of 24

Human beings are most productive when work feels like play. Enthusiasm, imagination, and resourcefulness get unleashed when people are having fun. In the future, the most successful organizations will be the ones that have learned how to blur the line between work and play. Management innovators must engineer the drudgery out of work. 249

“People rarely succeed at anything unless they are having fun doing it.” ~Southwest Airlines mission statement

Play: “The opposite of play isn’t work. It’s depression.” AWNM 187 “People rarely succeed at anything unless they are having fun doing it.” (Southwest Airlines company’s mission statement)

Play: “The opposite of play isn’t work. It’s depression.” AWNM 187 “People rarely succeed at anything unless they are having fun doing it.” (Southwest Airlines company’s mission statement)

of 24

The challenge may seem intimidating, but take heart. Those early management pioneers had to turn free-thinking, obstreperous human beings into obedient, kowtowing employees. They were working against the grain of human nature. We, on the other hand, are working with the grain. Our goal is to make organizations more human, not less. 256

13. Culture changes to match the economy, not the other way around. The economy needed an institution that would churn out compliant workers, so we built it. Factories didn’t happen because there were schools; schools happened because there were factories. The reason so many people grew up to look for a job is that the economy has needed people who would grown up to look for a job. Jobs were invented before workers were invented.

School, no surprise, is focused on creating hourly workers, because that’s what the creators of school needed, in large numbers. Think about the fact that school relentlessly downplays group work. It breaks tasks into the smallest possible measurable units. It does nothing to coordinate teaching across subjects. It often isolates teachers into departments. And most of all, it measures, relentlessly, at the individual level, and re-processes those who don’t meet the minimum performance standards.

of 24

3. 150 years ago, adults were incensed about child labor. Low-wage kids were taking jobs away from hard-working adults. Sure, there was some moral outrage about 7-year-olds losing fingers and being abused at work, but the economic rational was paramount. Factory owners insisted that losing child workers would be catastrophic to their industries and fought hard to keep the kids at work—they said they couldn’t afford to hire adults. It wasn’t until 1918 that nationwide compulsory education was in place. Part of the rationale used to sell this minor transformation to industrialists was the idea that educated kids would actually become more compliant and productive workers. Our current system of teaching kids to sit in straight rows and obey rules isn’t a coincidence—it was an investment in our economic future. The plan: trade short-term child-labor wages for longer-term productivity by giving kids a head start in doing what they’re told. Large-scale education was not developed to motivate kids or to create scholars. It was invented to churn out adults who worked well within the system. If you do a job where someone tells you exactly what to do, he will find someone cheaper than you to do it. And yet our schools are churning out kids who are stuck looking for jobs where the boss tells them exactly what to do. The bargain (take kids out of work so we can teach them to become better factory workers as adults) has set us on a race to the bottom. Some people argue that we ought to become the cheaper, easier country for sourcing cheap, compliant workers who do what their told. Even if we could win that race, we’d lose. The bottom is not a good place to be, even if you’re capable.

http://todaysmeet.com/top101960

of 24

39. In 1960, the top ten employers in the U.S. were: GM, AT&T, Ford, GE, U.S. Steel, Sears, A&P, Esso, Bethlehem Steel, and IT&T. Eight of these (not so much Sears and A&P) offered substantial pay and a long-term career to hard-working people who actually made something. It was easy to see how the promises of advancement and a social contract could be kept, particularly for the “good student” who had demonstrated an ability and willingness to be part of the system. Today, the top ten employers are: Walmart, Kelly Services, IBM, UPS, McDonald’s, Yum (Taco Bell, KFC, et al), Target, Kroger, HP, and The Home Depot. Of these, only two (two!) offer a path similar to the one that the vast majority of major companies offered fifty years ago.


39. In 1960, the top ten employers in the U.S. were: GM, AT&T, Ford, GE, U.S. Steel, Sears, A&P, Esso, Bethlehem Steel, and IT&T. Eight of these (not so much Sears and A&P) offered substantial pay and a long-term career to hard-working people who actually made something. It was easy to see how the promises of advancement and a social contract could be kept, particularly for the “good student” who had demonstrated an ability and willingness to be part of the system. Today, the top ten employers are: Walmart, Kelly Services, IBM, UPS, McDonald’s, Yum (Taco Bell, KFC, et al), Target, Kroger, HP, and The Home Depot. Of these, only two (two!) offer a path similar to the one that the vast majority of major companies offered fifty years ago.

of 24


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8Yt4wxSblc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8Yt4wxSblc

of 8

Changed Has Changed! Presented by Chris Shade, Director of District Improvement, TBD

6. If a school’s function is to create the workers we need to fuel our economy, we need to change school, because the workers we need have changed as well.

50. “Competence is the enemy of change!” says Seth Godin, author of Stop Stealing Dreams: What Is School For? He continues, “Institutions and committees like to talk about core competencies (Me: “Or Common Core Standards?”). Core competence? I’d prefer core incompetence. Competent people have a predictable, reliable process for solving a particular set of problems. They solve a problem the same way, every time. That’s what makes them reliable. That’s what makes them competent. Competent people are quite proud of the status and success that they get out of being competent. They like being competent. They guard their competence, and they work hard to maintain it. Competence is the enemy of change! Competent people resist change. Why? Because change threatens to make them less competent. And competent people like being competent. That’s who they are, and sometimes that’s all they’ve got. No wonder they’re not in a hurry to rock the boat. If I’m going to make the investment and hire someone for more than the market rate, I want to find an incompetent worker. One who will break the rules and find me something no one else can.”

of 8

44. It used to be simple: the teacher was the cop, the lecturer, the source of answers, and the gatekeeper to resources. All rolled into one. A teacher might be the person who is capable of delivering information. A teacher can be your best source of finding out how to do something or why something works. The Internet is making the role of content gatekeeper unimportant. Redundant. Even wasteful. If there’s information that can be written down, widespread digital access now means that just about anyone can look it up. We don’t need a human being standing next to us to lecture us on how to find the square root of a number or sharpen an axe. (Worth stopping for a second and reconsidering the revolutionary nature of that last sentence.) What we do need is someone to persuade us that we want to learn those things, and someone to push us or encourage us or create a space where we want to learn to do them better.

11. School’s industrial, scaled-up, measurable structure means that fear must be used to keep the masses in line. There’s no other way to get hundreds or thousands of kids to comply, to process that many bodies, en masse, without simultaneous coordination. And the flip side of this fear and conformity must be that passion will be destroyed. There’s no room for someone who wants to go faster, or someone who wants to do something else, or someone who cares about a particular issue. Do we need more fear? Less passion? There are really only two tools available to the educators. The easy one is fear. Fear is easy to awake, easy to maintain, but ultimately toxic. The other tool is passion. A kid in love with dinosaurs or baseball or earth science is going to learn it on his own. He’s going to push hard for ever more information, and better still, master the thinking behind it. Passion can overcome fear. 28 Human beings have, like all animals, a great ability to hide from the things they fear. In the name of comportment and compliance and the processing of millions, school uses that instinct to its advantage. At the heart of the industrial system is power—the power of bosses over workers, the power of buyers over suppliers, and the power of marketers over consumers. Given the assignment of indoctrinating a thousand kids at a time, the embattled school administrator reaches for the most effective tool available. Given that the assigned output of school is compliant citizens, the shortcut for achieving this output was fear. The amygdala, sometimes called the lizard brain, is the fear center of the brain. It is on high alert during moments of stress. It is afraid of snakes. It causes our heart to race during a scary movie and our eyes to avoid direct contact with someone in authority. The shortcut to compliance, then, isn’t to reason with someone, to outline the options,

of 8

and to sell a solution. No, the shortcut is to induce fear, to activate the amygdala. Do this or we’ll laugh at you, expel you, tell your parents, make you sit in the corner. Do this or you will get a bad grade, be suspended, never amount to anything. Do this or you are in trouble. Once the fear transaction is made clear, it can get ever more subtle. A fearsome teacher might need no more than a glance to quiet down his classroom. But that’s not enough for the industrial school. It goes further than merely ensuring classroom comportment. Fear is used to ensure that no one stretches too far, questions the status quo, or makes a ruckus. Fear is reinforced in career planning, in academics, and even in interpersonal interactions. Fear lives in the guidance office, too. The message is simple: better fit in or you won’t get into a good school. If you get into a good school and do what they say, you’ll get a good job, and you’ll be fine. But if you don’t—it’ll go on your permanent record.

25. The connection economy destroys the illusion of control. Students have the ability to find out which colleges are a good value, which courses make no sense, and how people in the outside world are actually making a living. They have the ability to easily do outside research to discover that the teacher (or textbook) is just plain wrong.

7. The world has changed. It has changed into a culture fueled by a market that knows how to mass-customize, to find the edges and the weird, and to cater to what the individual demands instead of insisting on conformity. Mass customization of school isn’t easy. Do we have a choice, though? If mass production and mass markets are falling apart, we really don’t have the right to insist that the schools we designed for a different era will function well now.

of 8

Sure, education is expensive, but living in a world of ignorance is even more expensive.

It starts right here. (Right here. Right now. song)

45. Shouldn’t parents do the motivating? Of course they should. They should have the freedom to not have to work two jobs, they should be aware enough of the changes in society to be focused on a new form of education, and they should have the skills and the confidence and the time to teach each child what he needs to know to succeed in a new age. But they’re not and they don’t. And as a citizen, I’m not sure I want to trust a hundred million amateur teachers to do a world-class job of designing our future. Some parents (like mine) were just stunningly great at this task, serious and focused and generous while they relentlessly taught my sisters and me about what we could accomplish and how to go about it. I can’t think of anything more cynical and selfish, though, than telling kids who didn’t win the parent lottery that they’ve lost the entire game. Society has the resources and the skill (and thus the obligation) to reset cultural norms and to amplify them through schooling. I don’t think we maximize our benefit when we turn every child’s education into a first-time home-based project. We can amplify each kid’s natural inclination to dream, we can inculcate passion in a new generation, and we can give kids the tools to learn more, and faster, in a way that’s never been seen before. And if parents want to lead (or even to help, or merely get out of the way), that’s even better.

of 8

48. That feeling you’re feeling (if you haven’t given up because of the frightening implications of this manifesto) is the feeling just about every parent has. It’s easier to play it safe. Why risk blowing up the educational system, why not just add a bit to it? Why risk the education of our kids merely because the economy has changed? That whisper in your ear, that hesitation about taking dramatic action—that’s precisely why we still have the system we do. That’s how we get stuck with the status quo. When it’s safer and easier and quieter to stick with what we’ve got, we end up sticking with what we’ve got. If just one parent asks these questions, nothing is going to happen. Every parent has an excuse and a special situation and no one wants to go out on a limb… but if a dozen or a hundred parents step up and start asking, the agenda will begin to change. The urgency of our problem is obvious, and it seems foolish to me to polish the obsolete when we ought to be investing our time and money into building something that actually meets our needs. We can’t switch the mission unless we also switch the method.


of 8


17. Reinventing school If the new goal of school is to create something different from what we have now, and if new technologies and new connections are changing the way school can deliver its lessons, it’s time for a change. Here are a dozen ways school can be rethought:

• Homework during the day, lectures at night

• Open book, open note, all the time

• Access to any course, anywhere in the world

• Precise, focused instruction instead of mass, generalized instruction

• The end of multiple-choice exams

• Experience instead of test scores as a measure of achievement

• The end of compliance as an outcome

• Cooperation instead of isolation

• Amplification of outlying students, teachers, and ideas

• Transformation of the role of the teacher

• Lifelong learning, earlier work

• Death of the nearly famous college

of 8

108. One thing a student can’t possibly learn from a video lecture is that the teacher cares. Not just about the topic—that part is easy. No, the student can’t learn that the teacher cares about him. And being cared about, connected with, and pushed is the platform we need to do the emotional heavy lifting of committing to learn. DHS coach

132. When we teach a child to make good decisions, we benefit from a lifetime of good decisions. When we teach a child to love to learn, the amount of learning will become limitless. When we teach a child to deal with a changing world, she will never become obsolete. When we are brave enough to teach a child to question authority, even ours, we insulate ourselves from those who would use their authority to work against each of us. And when we give students the desire to make things, even choices, we create a world filled with makers.

131. Don’t wait for it. Pick yourself. Teach yourself. Motivate your kids. Push them to dream, against all odds. Access to information is not the issue. And you don’t need permission from bureaucrats. The common school is going to take a generation to fix, and we mustn’t let up the pressure until it is fixed. But in the meantime, go. Learn and lead and teach. If enough of us do this, school will have no choice but to listen, emulate, and rush to catch up.

of 8

In a world of unprecedented change, there’s only one way to protect yourself from creative destruction—do the destructing yourself. 122

Going back to the beginning of the session, I’m going to collect $20 bills now…

76201

change has changed! handout

Education