change management process chapter no 04 change management process the change management process...

Change management process

chapter no 04


• The change management process focuses on four stages:

• - Prepare• - Design• - Execute• - Sustain• This model will allow the practitioner to

understand what generic steps to take along the change management process.


• Prepare Phase• This part of the process involves identifying issues,

environmental factors which are causing the need to change and any other accompanying data. There should be a lot of searching and identifying exactly what the real root cause to the problems being faced.

• It must be clearly understood what is going on, and more importantly what is going wrong. Only then, once you have found these factors, you can work forward to create a vision with which will hopefully solve the current crisis


• Factors to understand and address at this phase:

• Understand the problem and need to change• Understanding environmental factor affecting

the business


• Design Phase• The Design phase of the change management

process is about adding the meat to the bones.

• It involves designing the way forward – planning the right path, using the correct change model and creating a robust process that leaves no stone unturned.



• Create the vision• Identify resistance to change• Understand change readiness• Understand change mgt plan• Create change path• Create deployment plan


• Execute phase• The preparation has been completed? it is

now time to execute the plan using an agreed change path from the Design phase. Once this is in place, the next task is to communicate, communicate and communicate!


• Factors to understand and address at this stage

• Execute the deployment plan• Using appropriate model• Lead fundamental change


• Sustain• Remember, Humans are creatures of habit – If

new ways and systems are not encouraged and constantly driven, then it is natural for people to resort to the old way of working.



• Regular review• Feed back• Envisioning Leading and support change


• Habits are a normal part of every person’s lives, but it is often counterproductive when dealing with change.

• As humans we are not very good at changing. We see changes as a negative thing, something that creates instability and insecurity.

• A normal change management process often evolves number of mental phases

• Change Management Handbook – English Edition – May 2006


01 Denial02 Frustration and anger: 03 Negotiation and bargaining04 Depression05 Acceptance 06 Experimentation 07 Discovery and Delight08 integration


01 Denial: Where we fight the change and protect status quo.02 Frustration and anger: When we realize that we cannot avoid the change and we become insecure because of lack of awareness.03 Negotiation and bargaining: Where we try to save what we can.04 Depression: When we realize that none of the old

ways can be incorporated into the new.


05 Acceptance When we accept the change, and start to mentally

prepare ourselves.06 Experimentation Where we try to find new ways, and gradually

remove the old barriers.07 Discovery and Delight When we realize that the change will improve our

future possibilities.08 integration Where we implement the change.

Transtheoretical Model

• James O. Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island and colleagues developed the Transtheoretical Model beginning in 1977

• Developed for health risk behaviors (especially smoking)

• Individuals go through 5 stages before new behavior is adopted

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_O._Prochaska

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island

Stages of Change Model

Precontemplation

Action Decision

Maintenance Contemplation

Stages of change model• Stage 1: Precontemplation

– Unaware that a problem exists• Stage 2: Contemplation

– Aware that a problem exists and thinking about making a behavioral change in the future

• Stage 3: Preparation– Feeling confident that making a change is possible and planning

to make such a change in the immediate future• Stage 4: Action

– Making a change• Stage 5: Maintenance

– Continuing to engage in the new, desirable behavior and avoiding relapse

Stages of change model

• Precontemplation Stage (not ready)• People at this stage do not intend to start the

healthy behavior in the near future (within 6 months), and may be unaware of the need to change

• Precontemplators typically underestimate the pros of changing, overestimate the cons, and often are not aware of making such mistakes


• One of the most effective steps that others can help with at this stage is to encourage them to become more mindful of their decision making and more conscious of the multiple benefits of changing an unhealthy behavior


• ExampleDuring the Precontemplation stage, patients do not even consider changing.

• Smokers who are "in denial" may not see that the advice applies to them personally.

• Patients with high cholesterol levels may feel "immune" to the health problems that strike others.

• Obese patients may have tried unsuccessfully so many times to lose weight that they have simply given up.


• Contemplation Stage (getting ready)• At this stage, participants are intending to start the

healthy behavior within the next 6 months• They are usually now more aware of the pros of

changing, their cons are about equal to their Pros• People here learn about the kind of person they

could be if they changed their behavior and learn more from people who behave in healthy ways

• Others can influence and help effectively at this stage by encouraging them to work at reducing the cons of changing their behavior


• ExampleDuring the contemplation stage, patients are ambivalent(undecided) about changing.

• During this stage, patients compare cost (e.g., time, expense etc) as well as the benefits


• Preparation Stage (Ready)• People at this stage are ready to start taking action

within the next 30 days• They take small steps that they believe can help

them make the healthy behavior a part of their lives• For example, they tell their friends and family that

they want to change their behavior• People in this stage should be encouraged to seek

support from friends they trust

Stages of change model• Example

During the preparation stage, patients prepare to make a specific change. They may experiment with small changes as their determination to change increases. For example, sampling low-fat foods may be an experimentation with or a move toward greater dietary modification. Switching to a different brand of cigarettes or decreasing their drinking signals that they have decided a change is needed

• Action Stage• People at this stage have changed their behavior

within the last 6 months and need to work hard to keep moving ahead

• People in this stage progress by being taught techniques for keeping up their commitments such as substituting activities related to the unhealthy behavior with positive ones

• rewarding themselves for taking steps toward changing, and avoiding people and situations that tempt them to behave in unhealthy ways.


• ExampleThe action stage is the one that most physicians are eager to see their patients reach. Any action taken by patients should be praised because it demonstrates the desire for lifestyle change.

• Most people find themselves "recycling" through the stages of change several times ("relapsing") before the change becomes truly established.

• Maintenance• People at this stage changed their behavior

more than 6 months ago. • It is important for people in this stage to be

aware of situations that may tempt them to slip back into doing the unhealthy behavior—particularly stressful situations


• It is recommended that people in this stage seek support from and talk with people whom they trust,

• spend time with people who behave in healthy ways, and remember to engage in healthy activities to cope with stress instead of relying on unhealthy behavior