The Need for Change in OrganizationsChange as a survival tactic -- if the organization does not keep pace the changing technology, consumer demands, and effective business processes, they will lose their competitive edge.

The Learning OrganizationOrganizations that acquiring and applying knowledge to help cope with and adapt to change.Knowledge acquisitionInformation distributionInformation interpretationOrganizational memorization

Planned ChangeChanges in products or servicesChanges in size or structureChanges in administrative structuresChanges in technology

Unplanned ChangeGovernment regulationEconomic competitionPerformance Gaps

Areas of Organizational ChangeGoals and strategiesTechnologyJob designStructureProcessesPeople

The Change ProcessUnfreezing(Facing the Problem)Moving(Creating a NewState)Refreezing(Maintaining the ChangeStatus QuoNew State

Individual Barriers to ChangeEconomic fearsFear of the unknownFear of social disruptionsEffortFear of loss of power and autonomyCommitment to the old position

Organizational Barriers to ChangeStructural inertiaWork group normsThreat to existing balance of powerHistory of change efforts gone wrongBoards of Directors

Overcoming Resistance to ChangeInforming about pressures for changePointing out discrepancies between current state and desired oneConvey positive expectations for change

Backwards & ForwardsSumming up - We considered the importance of change and environmental forces that push for change. The change process, the forces that resist change and ways to overcome resistance to change were reviewed.Looking ahead - Next time we explore the process of planned change in the organization: organizational development