changing american population
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262-277. Changing American Population. Population Increase. Reasons: Booming agricultural economy of the west Cities became centers of trade ( p . 263 shows examples) Improvements in public health Birth rate was lower Death rate was far lower, allowing for population increase Immigration - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Changing American Population
262-277
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Population Increase
Reasons: Booming agricultural economy of the west▪ Cities became centers of trade (p. 263 shows
examples) Improvements in public health▪ Birth rate was lower▪ Death rate was far lower, allowing for population
increase Immigration▪ Growth of cities was dramatic between 1840-1860▪ P. 263 shows city growth examples
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Nativism
A defense of native-born people and a hostility to foreign-born
Also a desire to slow immigration Examples:
Nativists would say that new immigrants were inferior to older Americans
Saw them as about the same as Native Americans
They would say that immigrants were socially unfit
Some said immigrants stole jobs from workforce
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Small Parties
Native American Party: 1837 Anti-immigration group Held their own convention in 1845
Know-Nothings: 1845-1850 First called “Supreme Order of the Star-
Spangled Banner” Banned Catholics from holding public
office, restrictive naturalization laws, literacy tests for voting among their demands
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Small Parties
Know-Nothings led to American Party in 1852 in the west
They actually won control of MA state gov’t in 1854, won large number of seats in PA and NY
This was the peak of their power
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Transportation, Communications, Technology
Canal Age:We have discussed this already, at
great length! If you do not know this information, read it!
Pages 269-271
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Transportation, Communications, Technology
Early Railroads: 1804: inventors had been experimenting
with steam engines for land vehicles 1820: first locomotive is run around a
track in NJ 1825: first RR line opened in England First company: Baltimore and Ohio, 1830 By 1836, 1,000+ miles of track had been
laid in 11 states
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Transportation, Communications, Technology
Railroads: Were short Connected water routes No linkage of one RR company to
another Track sizes (gauges) were not uniform Schedules did not match Constant wrecks! Slow improvements in 1830’s
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Transportation, Communications, Technology
Triumph of RR: By 1860, there was almost 30,000 miles
of track Most was in northeast but reached far
and wide See map on page 273!!
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Consolidation of RR’s
Linkage of lines to make RR lines longer
Lots of examples on page 272 Lines would divert traffic from Erie
Canal and Mississippi River RR’s helped weaken the connection
between the northwest and the south
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How To Pay for RR Boom
Several sources: Private American investors RR companies borrowed large sums of $
$$ Local governments, states, counties,
cities, towns Federal gov’t Congressional grants to aid RR’s in 11
states by 1860
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Innovations in Communications and Journalism
Telegraph: Samuel Morse, 1844 Transmitted from Baltimore to
Washington, D.C. Low cost system of communication 50,000 miles of wire connected by 1860
coast to coast
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Innovations in Communications and Journalism
Steam cylinder rotary press Associated Press
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Commerce and Industry
Things to consider: (p. 275) Retail distribution of goods changed Limited partnerships remained, but
growth of corporations began here Limited liability Credit was a way to borrow, but bank did
not have enough equity to support the borrowing
Bank failures were frequent
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Rise of the Factory
By far the biggest economic development of the mid-19th century
Started with textile industry (discussed)
Shoe industry in MA Total value of manufactured goods
rose from almost $500 million in 1840 to $2 billion in 1860
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Industry in the Northeast
Over half of the “factories” were in the northeast
Those “factories” produced over 2/3 of the nation’s manufactured goods
Almost ¾ of the people working in manufacturing were employed in N.E. and Mid-Atlantic states
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Technological Advances
Turret lathe, milling machine, precision grinding machine, sewing machine
Interchangeable parts: Eli Whitney and Simeon North Affected watches and clocks,
locomotives, steam engines, farm tools, bicycles, sewing machines, typewriters, cash registers, automobile in upcoming years
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Technological Advances
Patents: Charles Goodyear: vulcanizing
rubber Elias Howe: sewing machine, which
Singer improved
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Water Power: still?
Natural waterfalls could be channeled to provide power for the mills
Factories would close if water was frozen in winter
That is one reason factories looked for other power: to be open year-round!
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Energy Sources
Wood, Coal, Petroleum (later), Water
Coal: Replacing wood and water power as fuel Mostly in PA, near Pittsburgh