changing culture lesson 2 social studies coach. changing culture the first settlers from england...

Changing CultureChanging Culture

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Social Studies CoachSocial Studies Coach


The first settlers from England arrived The first settlers from England arrived in what is now the U.S in the early in what is now the U.S in the early 1600s. These settlers brought along 1600s. These settlers brought along their traditions and customs. Native their traditions and customs. Native Americans, however, already lived Americans, however, already lived throughout North America. Each throughout North America. Each Native American group had its own Native American group had its own distinct culture.distinct culture.


In the early years of settlement, In the early years of settlement, European colonists borrowed certain European colonists borrowed certain cultural practices from Native cultural practices from Native Americans. For example, Native Americans. For example, Native Americans taught the settlers how to Americans taught the settlers how to grow corn and squash. Both foods, grow corn and squash. Both foods, especially corn, are now key parts of especially corn, are now key parts of the American diet.the American diet.


Settlers from such European Settlers from such European countries as France, Germany, countries as France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden soon Denmark, Norway, and Sweden soon followed. In the late 1800s, people followed. In the late 1800s, people from Austria-Hungary, Greece, Italy, from Austria-Hungary, Greece, Italy, Poland, and Russia also came to live Poland, and Russia also came to live in the United States.in the United States.


Immigrants from Asia also began Immigrants from Asia also began arriving in the 1800s. Most of these arriving in the 1800s. Most of these settlers came from China, India, settlers came from China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Philippines. From the 1600s until the Philippines. From the 1600s until the mid-1800s, about 375,000 Africans mid-1800s, about 375,000 Africans were brought against their will to were brought against their will to America and forced into slavery.America and forced into slavery.

The Spread of CultureThe Spread of Culture

Each group of settlers to the young Each group of settlers to the young United States brought along its culture. United States brought along its culture. Over time, these different cultures Over time, these different cultures mixed together and spread. This is an mixed together and spread. This is an example of example of cultural diffusion. In cultural diffusion. In cultural diffusion, cultural practices cultural diffusion, cultural practices are passed from one culture to are passed from one culture to another when the culture comes in another when the culture comes in contact with another culture.contact with another culture.


This spread of European culture This spread of European culture throughout North America was throughout North America was disastrous to Native Americans. Most disastrous to Native Americans. Most of the older Native Americans of the older Native Americans traditions and ways of life were lost traditions and ways of life were lost forever.forever.


Culture also changes as a result of Culture also changes as a result of the invention of new products and the invention of new products and technologies. Technology is technologies. Technology is machines and inventions that machines and inventions that solve problems and improve solve problems and improve quality of life.quality of life.


The invention of spinning and weaving The invention of spinning and weaving machines had a big impact on American machines had a big impact on American cultures in the 1800s. Before then, cultures in the 1800s. Before then, people made yarn and cloth by hand. people made yarn and cloth by hand. New machines allowed people to make New machines allowed people to make large amounts of yarn and cloth in a large amounts of yarn and cloth in a much shorter period of time. Eventually much shorter period of time. Eventually large textile mills were built. Many large textile mills were built. Many people moved from the countryside and people moved from the countryside and settled in cities to work in these settled in cities to work in these factories.factories.


Advances in farming technology also Advances in farming technology also began to take place. New machines began to take place. New machines enabled fewer farmers to work larger enabled fewer farmers to work larger areas of land. Farm workers began areas of land. Farm workers began moving to cities in search of new moving to cities in search of new opportunities.opportunities.

Urban CultureUrban Culture

The shift from rural to urban living ahd a The shift from rural to urban living ahd a great impact on the way in which great impact on the way in which people lived. Cities had less space. people lived. Cities had less space. Apartments were small and Apartments were small and overcrowded. By the late 1800s new overcrowded. By the late 1800s new technologies, like the Bessemer process technologies, like the Bessemer process for producing steel, allowed for the for producing steel, allowed for the building of taller structures. building of taller structures. Skyscrapers enabled more people and Skyscrapers enabled more people and businesses to fit on smaller tracts of businesses to fit on smaller tracts of land.land.


As populations in cities grew, so, too, As populations in cities grew, so, too, did the problems facing their did the problems facing their inhabitants. Many people worked inhabitants. Many people worked long hours in dangerous conditions. long hours in dangerous conditions. Large families were crammed into Large families were crammed into tiny apartments. Disease outbreaks tiny apartments. Disease outbreaks were frequent. Streets were filthy were frequent. Streets were filthy and the air was polluted.and the air was polluted.


Social service agencies struggled to Social service agencies struggled to improve living conditions. The U.S. improve living conditions. The U.S. government needed to provide more government needed to provide more services for city people. These services services for city people. These services included healthcare, sanitation, and aid included healthcare, sanitation, and aid for the poor. Beginning in the early for the poor. Beginning in the early 1900s, the federal and local 1900s, the federal and local governments passed laws to protect governments passed laws to protect people, including children, who worked people, including children, who worked in factories.in factories.

TransportationTransportation

Improvements in transportation also Improvements in transportation also brought about big cultural changes in brought about big cultural changes in the U.S. The development of the U.S. The development of railroads started in the U.S. in the railroads started in the U.S. in the 1820s. The growing rail system made 1820s. The growing rail system made it easier to transport goods and raw it easier to transport goods and raw materials faster, farther, and in materials faster, farther, and in larger amounts.larger amounts.


The expanding railroad system in the The expanding railroad system in the U.S. helped industry to grow. More U.S. helped industry to grow. More and more factories were built as it and more factories were built as it became possible to ship greater became possible to ship greater amounts of goods to faraway amounts of goods to faraway markets.markets.


In 1869, the transcontinental In 1869, the transcontinental railroad was completed. It railroad was completed. It connected the eastern part of connected the eastern part of the U.S. with the western part. the U.S. with the western part. Railroads allowed for the spread Railroads allowed for the spread of Americans and their ideas of Americans and their ideas throughout an ever-expanding throughout an ever-expanding United States.United States.


Culture, however, never stops Culture, however, never stops changing. Cell phone, satellite and changing. Cell phone, satellite and computer technology have computer technology have dramatically changed the way people dramatically changed the way people communicate and do business. Every communicate and do business. Every day, information, news, and ideas are day, information, news, and ideas are shared by people are around the shared by people are around the country and around the world.country and around the world.


New technologies enable a student in New technologies enable a student in Japan to watch a concert taking place Japan to watch a concert taking place in Tennessee as it happens. Cultural in Tennessee as it happens. Cultural diffusion is taking place as you read diffusion is taking place as you read this page, helping to create what is this page, helping to create what is beginning to be a “world culture”.beginning to be a “world culture”.

The ArtsThe Arts

Art and creativity are an important part Art and creativity are an important part of culture. Art styles and thoughts of culture. Art styles and thoughts about what is beautiful or interesting about what is beautiful or interesting grow and change just as other elements grow and change just as other elements of culture do. Works of art such as of culture do. Works of art such as paintings, books, and films are shaped paintings, books, and films are shaped by the time in which they are created. by the time in which they are created. Some artists-musicians, painters, Some artists-musicians, painters, sculptors, writers, and so on-use their sculptors, writers, and so on-use their work to comment on the times in which work to comment on the times in which they lived.they lived.

The ArtsThe Arts

Technology has greatly affected the Technology has greatly affected the way in which people express way in which people express themselves. The development of themselves. The development of photography enabled people to photography enabled people to capture events as they occurred. capture events as they occurred. People were moved, excited, and People were moved, excited, and sometimes shocked by the sometimes shocked by the photographs that began to appear in photographs that began to appear in newspapers and later in magazines.newspapers and later in magazines.

PhotographsPhotographs

The ArtsThe Arts

Film and later video brought the art Film and later video brought the art of photography to the next level. of photography to the next level. News events were filmed as they News events were filmed as they took place. Some of the world’s great took place. Some of the world’s great stories were turned into films that stories were turned into films that were of equal importance.were of equal importance.

The ArtsThe Arts

Modern technologies affected Modern technologies affected painters, sculptors, and musicians as painters, sculptors, and musicians as well. New materials such as plastic well. New materials such as plastic and resin, as well as complex and resin, as well as complex recording technologies, have recording technologies, have changed the ways in which artists changed the ways in which artists work, communicate their ideas, and work, communicate their ideas, and inevitably spread culture. inevitably spread culture.

The ArtsThe Arts

Computers have also revolutionized Computers have also revolutionized the creative process and the spread the creative process and the spread of ideas. Today, many writers, of ideas. Today, many writers, illustrators, and filmmakers rely on illustrators, and filmmakers rely on computer technology to do their computer technology to do their work.work.

Cultural TrendsCultural Trends

People’s ideas about cultural elements People’s ideas about cultural elements as music, art, clothing, and food as music, art, clothing, and food change. Their choice in leisure activities change. Their choice in leisure activities change. The ways people in a society change. The ways people in a society live also change over time. The live also change over time. The direction in which a culture changes is direction in which a culture changes is called a cultural trend. Social scientists called a cultural trend. Social scientists use charts and graphs to record and use charts and graphs to record and study how a culture has changed over a study how a culture has changed over a period of time.period of time.


Advances in technology often bring Advances in technology often bring about cultural changes. A good about cultural changes. A good example of this is the way people example of this is the way people listen to music and watch television listen to music and watch television today. today.


One of the big cultural changes the One of the big cultural changes the have happened in the past 20 years have happened in the past 20 years is the growth of cable television. is the growth of cable television. Cable television has been available Cable television has been available since the 1940s. It grew greatly in since the 1940s. It grew greatly in importance in the 1980s. Before importance in the 1980s. Before cable TV became widely available, cable TV became widely available, there were only a handful of TV there were only a handful of TV stations available.stations available.


TV stations aired programs on a variety of TV stations aired programs on a variety of subjects, and television shows were subjects, and television shows were designed to appeal to a large number of designed to appeal to a large number of people of all ages and backgrounds. Cable people of all ages and backgrounds. Cable TV made it possible to deliver more than TV made it possible to deliver more than 100 stations to individual viewers. Today, 100 stations to individual viewers. Today, there are cable stations that only air certain there are cable stations that only air certain types of programs. For example, among the types of programs. For example, among the many specialty cable stations are those that many specialty cable stations are those that air only sports, news, music, comedy, or air only sports, news, music, comedy, or weather.weather.


Music is another cultural area that has Music is another cultural area that has experienced tremendous changes since experienced tremendous changes since the 1980s. Styles of popular music have the 1980s. Styles of popular music have changed greatly, especially with the rise changed greatly, especially with the rise of rap music. The way people get their of rap music. The way people get their music has also changed a lot. Two of music has also changed a lot. Two of the biggest changes are the the biggest changes are the introduction of compact discs, or CDs, introduction of compact discs, or CDs, and the rise of music sharing over the and the rise of music sharing over the Internet.Internet.


Compact discs for music first became Compact discs for music first became available in the U.S. in 1983. Before available in the U.S. in 1983. Before then, most people listened to music then, most people listened to music on cassette tapes or vinyl records. on cassette tapes or vinyl records. People quickly switched from tapes People quickly switched from tapes and records to CDs because CDs last and records to CDs because CDs last longer and have better sound quality.longer and have better sound quality.


The graph on the following page The graph on the following page shows how the sales of CDs, cassette shows how the sales of CDs, cassette tapes, and vinyl records changed tapes, and vinyl records changed between 1973 and 2003. You can see between 1973 and 2003. You can see how quickly sales of vinyl records how quickly sales of vinyl records and cassettes shrank after CDs and cassettes shrank after CDs became available in 1983.became available in 1983.


In recent years CD sales have In recent years CD sales have decreased. Why? There are probably decreased. Why? There are probably a number of reasons. One of them a number of reasons. One of them might be the popularity of file might be the popularity of file sharing and music downloading over sharing and music downloading over the Internet.the Internet.


Another cultural trend is that today, Another cultural trend is that today, fewer people are listening to the fewer people are listening to the radio. Again, the Internet is one of radio. Again, the Internet is one of the reasons. Instead of listening to the reasons. Instead of listening to traditional radio, people listen to traditional radio, people listen to broadcasts played online. They also broadcasts played online. They also download music and other radio download music and other radio programs from the Internet in the programs from the Internet in the form of podcasts. form of podcasts.

RadioRadio


People also listen to music on personal People also listen to music on personal audio devices such as MP3 players. audio devices such as MP3 players.


This graph shows how the number of This graph shows how the number of radio listeners went down from 1999 radio listeners went down from 1999 to 2004.to 2004.

1. What is cultural diffusion?1. What is cultural diffusion?

A. creating a national culture for A. creating a national culture for all people to followall people to follow

B. making rural cultures more like B. making rural cultures more like urban culturesurban cultures

C. the selling of new technology C. the selling of new technology and productsand products

D. the passing of customs and D. the passing of customs and ideas from one culture to anotherideas from one culture to another

D. The passing of customs and D. The passing of customs and ideas from one culture to ideas from one culture to

anotheranother

2. What kind of services did 2. What kind of services did the growing urban populations the growing urban populations need?need?

A. healthcare and sanitationA. healthcare and sanitationB. music and technologyB. music and technologyC. transportation and new C. transportation and new farming technologiesfarming technologiesD. Internet service and rail D. Internet service and rail systemssystems

A. Healthcare and sanitationA. Healthcare and sanitation

3. Why was the transcontinental 3. Why was the transcontinental railroad so important to the United railroad so important to the United States?States?

A. It kept American culture from A. It kept American culture from changingchangingB. It helped move people and ideas B. It helped move people and ideas from the east to the west. from the east to the west. C. Travel by rail was less expensive C. Travel by rail was less expensive than car travel.than car travel.D. It brought social services to poor D. It brought social services to poor people in urban areas.people in urban areas.

1.1.

B. It helped move people and B. It helped move people and ideas from the East to the ideas from the East to the West.West.

changing culture lesson 2 social studies coach. changing culture the first settlers from england...

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