changing practices of artistic production and consumption ccch9017 people, propaganda and profit:...
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Changing Practices of Artistic Production and Consumption
CCCH9017
People, Propaganda and Profit: Understanding Media in China
Ling-Yun Tang, Dept. of Sociology, HKU
November 17, 2010
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Objectives
• Does Mao still matter?
• Artistic production and consumption
• Concluding thoughts
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Does Mao still matter?
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Revolutionary fervor
• “Great Teacher, Great Leader, Great Commander, Great Helmsman”
• Center of “pre-digital” mass media
• Paraphernalia
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Mao badges:“Red, shiny, bright”
• Began circulating in 1930s-40s
• = loyalty to Mao and revolutionary cause
• 5 billion produced 1966-71
• See: http://libraries.claremont.edu/sc/exhibits/mao/maofever.htm
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Revolutionary songs
• http://www.wellesley.edu/Polisci/wj/China/CRSongs/crsongs.htm
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“Mao fever” in 1990s
• After temporary ‘cooling off’ period in 1980s, popular revival of Maoism after 1989
• Re-emergence of paraphernalia
• Positive feelings associated with Mao
• Nostalgia or defamation?
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The East is Red, pop version (1990)
• http://www.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/conf/propaganda/musik.html
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Egg on Mao
• Fear of defaming Mao not limited to China
• Linkages between China and rest of the world through– Internet– Business
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Artistic interpretations of Mao
Zhang Hongtu, The Last Banquet, 1989
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Zhang Hongtu, Bilingual Chart of Acupuncture Points and Meridians (Front and Back), 1990
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Censorship that sells?
Huang Rui, Chairman Mao10,000 Years, 2006; the red curtain
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Gao Qiang, 2006
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Weakening state control?
• Technology
• Administration
• Property rights
• Consumer rights
• Yet persistence of repercussions…
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Official media policy
• Citizens must defend “the security, honor, and interests of the motherland”
• GAPP and SARFT (under CPD)– no explicit mention of art
• Art, like media, is challenge to state control
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Art goes mainstream
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From cultural propaganda to culture industries
• State agenda to spur economic growth
• 1949-79: art as tool of state
• 2000s: art as investment
• Culture as means to an end
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Art in the global market
• New opportunities abroad and at home• Politics moves to background • From “officialdom” to “semi-officialdom”
– Showing in malls, bars, factories, streets– Galleries, auctions
• Using media to promote individual careers
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The global reach of art
• Artzinechina.com (Shanghai)• Artnet.com (Berlin)• Saatchionline.com (London)• Art Asia Pacific (New York)• Yishu (Vancouver)• Orientations (Hong Kong)• Contemporary Art and Investment (Beijing)
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Consumer revolution
• Chinese bubble bursting January 2009 France24:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFigXCxdM4o&feature=related
• Christie’s predicting upswing April 2010 Reuters:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1oTKbtP0gA
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Concluding thoughts
• Maoism still central to ruling ideology…
• Pop cultural and artistic trends chipping away at message