changing the record: workshop on transition to marc 21 bic bibliographic standards technical...
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Changing the record: workshop on transition to MARC 21
BIC Bibliographic Standards Technical Subgroup
The British Library
CILIP Cataloguing & Indexing Group
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Purpose of the workshop
To raise awareness of the transition to MARC 21
To identify strategic and technical issues arising from MARC 21 implementation
To introduce MARC 21 to UKMARC users:
• Structural differences• Cataloguing Impacts
But! “Changing the record” is not a training course.
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Overview
Transition to MARC 21
• Timing the change• Systems issues• Business issues• Migration Issues• Discussion
MARC 21 and UKMARC• Maintenance• Record structure• Format comparisons• Cataloguing implications• Discussion
1. Transition to MARC 21
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Why MARC 21?
Cost:
• Shared format development/maintenance costs• Reduced systems costs and increased choice• Bigger user base• Access to experienced developers
Interoperability
• National formats impede exchange of data• Shared cataloguing• Z39.50• Wider access• Common development platform
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Timing the change: national factors
British Library switch to MARC 21 is linked to ILS implementation.
– Provisional date is December 2003/January 2004.
British Library has committed to support UKMARC for 3 years after cut over date.
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Timing the change: local factors
System Procurement Cycle
System Supplier
Resources
Parent Bodies / Partners / Collaborators /
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Systems issues
InteroperabilityImport/ExportCharacter setsConversion routinesOPAC displayRetrieval / Indexing
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Business Issues
CooperationRecord supplyTraining
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Migration Issues
Types of data
Principles
UKMARC Data Mapping
Character Set Conversion
Deduplication
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Types of data
Bibliographic data
Authority data
Acquisitions data
Holdings data
Circulation data
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Migration principles
Creed
• Resources • Involve the business• Work with your supplier• Know your data
Catechism
• Which data are essential?• Can they be extracted?• How much data do you
need?• Whose data is it anyway?• Where does the data go?• What is it used for?
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Data Mapping
Comprehensive UKMARC/MARC 21 Mapping available from BL
USEMARCON software available from BL.
Local implementations of UKMARC may diverge from the standard.
Know your own data!
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Data Mapping
Getting to know your data:
Evaluation tools
File statistics
Local manuals
Past practice
Document decisions
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Data Mapping
The BL mapping does not support:
Invalid record structures
Local fields, subfields and coded values
Subdirectories/subrecords
Embedded references
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Character Sets
UKMARC• British Library Exchange Character Set (BLECS)• Mappings from BLECS• Check your character set
MARC 21• MARC-8 (8-bit encoding)• UCS/UNICODE (ISO/IEC 10646)• UTF-8 (8/16 bit encoding)• Repertoire of 15,000+ characters• Latin; Cyrillic; Hebrew; Arabic; CJK
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Deduplication
• Is it necessary for you?• Integrating different systems• Integrating different collections/catalogues• Bibliographic data• Acquisitions data
– e.g. vendor records• Understand data migration options
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Deduplication
Matching Criteria• System numbers• Standard Numbers
Validation• Textual data• Coded data
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Deduplication
Matching Criteria• System numbers• Standard Numbers
Validation• Textual data• Coded data
Actions on matched records
• Overwrite/Replace• Loss of data
• Merge• Complex rules
• Other options• Special rules for
controlled fields• Identify “potential
matches”
2. MARC 21 and UKMARC
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Overview
Transition to MARC 21
• Timing the change• Systems issues• Business issues• Migration Issues• Discussion
MARC 21 and UKMARC• Maintenance• Format comparisons• Record structure• Cataloguing implications• Discussion
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Format Maintenance
National Libraries
• Library of Congress• National Library of Canada• British Library
National Consultative Committees• UK: BIC Bibliographic Standards Technical Subgroup
– Proposals to British Library• Canada: Canadian Committee on MARC• USA: MARC Advisory Committee
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Format Maintenance
Maintenance process
• National debate• Discussion Paper (January or June)• Proposal (January or June)• Approval (January or June)• Revision issued (November)• Implementation announced (usually 6 months)
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
Punctuation
Character positions
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks 00X Control Fields0XX Identification Fields1XX Main entry2XX Title3XX Physical Description4XX Series5XX Notes6XX Subject 7XX Added/Linking Entry8XX Cooperation9XX Local Use
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks
Tagging
Tags have 3 digits as in UKMARC
Tags are defined independently for each format
Certain tags may be used in more than one format, e.g. 852, 856
Not necessarily consistent with UKMARC
XX9, X9X, 9XX reserved for local use. (Exception: 490 Series Statement)
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
0-9
a-z (permitted but not used)
# blank = undefined
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
‡ = Subfield marker
Range: a-z, 0-9
9 is “local”
Control Subfields
Consistent use
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
Punctuation
MARC 21 independent of content standards: e.g. AACR2
ISBD punctuation is not generated from subfields - usually
Cataloguers supply
Derived cataloguing/Templates
Short term problem
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MARC 21: content designation
Data blocks
Tagging
Indicators
Subfields
Punctuation
Character positions
Different numbering conventions
UKMARC by position
first position=1008/01-06 = date entered
on file
MARC 21 by displacementfirst position =0008/00-05= date entered on
file
Authorities subfield $w
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MARC 21 Family of Formats
Bibliographic
Authority
Holdings
Classification
Community Information
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Bibliographic Format
a carrier for bibliographic information about printed and manuscript textual materials, computer files, maps, music, serials, visual materials and mixed materials. Commonly includes titles names, subjects, notes, publication data, and information about the physical description of an item.
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Authority Format
a carrier for information concerning the authorized forms of names, [titles,]subjects, and subject subdivisions to be used in constructing access points in MARC records, the forms of these names, subjects and subdivisions that should be used as references to the authorized form, and the relationships among these forms
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Holdings
a carrier for holdings information for three types of bibliographic items: single-part; multipart; serial and may include: copy-specific information; information peculiar to the holding institution; information needed for local processing, maintenance or preservation; version information.
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Classification
a carrier for information about classification numbers and the captions associated with them that are formulated according to a specified authoritative classification scheme
• schedule record
• Table record
• Index Term Record
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Community Information
a carrier for descriptions of non-bibliographic resources that fulfil the information needs of a community.
Individual - A record in which the data pertain to an individual with a particular expertise (e.g., storyteller, civic leader). Organization - A record in which the data pertain to an organization or group (e.g., corporation, club). Program or service - A record in which the data pertain to an offering or activity which carries out the purposes of an organization or group (e.g., driver education, blood bank).Event - A record in which the data pertain to a scheduled happening (e.g., lecture, regularly scheduled meeting). Other - A record in which the data pertain to a kind of community resource not mentioned above. For instance, information about a facility, such as a planetarium on a university campus).
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Material Types
“a carrier for bibliographic information about printed and manuscript textual materials, computer files, maps, music, serials, visual materials and mixed materials”
Introduction to MARC 21 Bibliographic Format
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Material Types
Record Leader (Label in UKMARC)
• /06 = Type of record
• language material• printed music • manuscript music• cartographic material• manuscript cartographic
material • projected medium• electronic resources• non musical sound recording
• kits, etc.
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Material Types
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic Level
Monographic component part
Serial component part
Collection
Subunit
Monograph/Item
Serial
[Integrating resource]
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Material Types
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of record• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control Field 008
Fixed length data elements general information.
All materials
Books
Computer files
Maps
Music
Serials
Visual materials
Mixed materials
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Material Types
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control Field 008
Control Field 006
Fixed length data elements additional material characteristics - General information
Books
Computer files
Maps
Mixed materials
Music
Serials
Visual materials
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Material Types
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control Field 008
Control Field 006
Control Field 007 -Physical Description Fixed Field
General Information
Map
Computer file
Globe
Tactile Material
Projected Graphic
Microform
Non-projected graphic
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Material Types
Record Leader
• /06 = Type of material• /07 = Bibliographic level
Control Field 008
Control Field 006
Control Field 007 -Physical Description Fixed Field
Motion picture
Kit
Notated Music
Remote sensing image
Sound recording
Text
Videorecording
Unspecified
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“In” Analytics
002 Subdirectory not supported
Added entries
774 “Constituent Unit Entry” Linking Field
• Upward link from constituent unit record to host record
• Reciprocal links between constituent units and host
C on s titu en t P art7 7 3
C on s titu en t P art7 7 3
C on s titu en t P art7 7 3
H os t Item
C on s titu en t Item7 7 3
C on s titu en t Item7 7 3
C on s titu en t Item7 7 3
H os t Item7 7 47 7 47 7 4
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Titles
MARC 21
130 Main entry -uniform title
240 Uniform title
243 Collective Uniform Title
245 Title statement
246 Varying form of title
247 Former title or title variations
UKMARC
240.3
240
243
245
745
745
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Multiparts
No 248 field in MARC 21
Change of cataloguing policy for multiparts
BL policy not yet finalised, but:
• Future policy not determined by mapping of retrospective data
• North American policy will influence UK practice• Series • Content notes
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Control Subfields
$5 Institution to which field applies
Indicates that the contents of the field relate to a specific institution only.
Contains the MARC Organization code.
May be used to strip out local data.
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Control Subfields
$6 Linkage Links fields that are different script representations of each other.
Used to link “regular” fields to field 880.
Reciprocal. Contains identification of related field.
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Control Subfields
$8 Field link and sequence number
Links and sequences fields.
Field link type:
• Consituent item• Reproduction
85X-87X holdings
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Non-Roman Scripts
MARC 21 enables records to be presented in the script most suited to the audience.
Subject to systems, fonts, printers etc.
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Non-Roman Scripts (model A)
040##$a*** $beng $c***
100 #16880-01 $aZhavoronkov, N. M. $q(Nikolai Mikhailovich)
245 10$6880-02 $aOkhrana okhotnich'ikh zh ivotnykh v SSSR / $cN.M. Zhavoronkov.
250 ##$6880-03 $aIzd. 2-e, perer.
260 ##$6880-04 $aMoskva : $bLesnaíà promyshlennost'., $c1982.
300 ##$a167, [1] p., [16] leaves of plates. : $bcol. ill. ; $c19 cm.
500 ##$aBibliography: p. 167-[168].
650 #0$aAnimals $zSoviet Union.
880 1#$6100-01/(N $a<Name in Cyrillic> $q(<Name in Cyrillic>)
880 10$6245-02/(N $a<Tit le in Cyrillic> / $c<Tit le in Cyrillic>
880 ##$6250-03/(N $a<Edition statement in Cyrillic>.
880 ##$6260-04/(N $a<Place of publication in Cyrillic> : $b<Name of publisher in Cyrillic>, $c1982.
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Non-Roman Scripts (model B)
040##$a*** $beng $c***
0411#$arusara
066##$b(N $c(B $c(3
1001#$aRuzhkov, V. I. $q (Viktor Ivanovich)
24500$a<Title in Cyrillic> : $b<Remainder of tit le in Cyrillic> / $c<Statement of responsibility in Cyrillic>
24631$a<Title proper in Arabic>
260##$a<Place of publicat ion in Cyrillic> : $b<Name of publisher in Cyrillic>, $c1988.
300##$a 536 p. ; $c 21 cm.
650#0$aTechnology $vDict ionaries $xRussian.
650#0$aRussian language $vDict ionaries $xArabic.
7001#$aTkhorzhevskii, L. L. $q(Lev L'vovich)
7001#$aShagal', V. E. $q(Vladimir Eduardovich)
7001#$aMunir, Dawud Sulayman.
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References
Moving to MARC 21 www.bl.uk/services/bibliographic/marc21move.html
• The MARC21 format and the UK Library Community - Proposals by the British Library
• Results of the Survey of UKMARC Users 2000• Conversion Tables: email to: [email protected]
MARC 21 website http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/
• MARBI Proposal 2002-14 Changes for UKMARC Format alignment: http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2002/2002-14.html
• Email: [email protected]
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Training Providers
Allegro TrainingIan Ledsham Allegro Training1 North End Farm Cottages CheritonAlresford SO24 0PW
CILIPPenny SimmondsHead of Training & Development7 Ridgmount StreetLondon WC1E 7AE
Tel: +44 (0) 1962 771719Email: [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7255 0500Email: [email protected]:www.cilip.org.uk/employ/training.html
/
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Training Providers
AE
OCLC Europe, the Middle East & AfricaStuart HuntOCLC Europe, the Middle East & Africa7th Floor Tricorn House51-53 Hagley Road, Edgbaston Birmingham, B16 8TP
Tel: +44 (0) 121 456 4656Email: [email protected]: www.oclc.org/europe/