Chap 10 Union Crisis

Coming of War

I. Growing Slavery issue (Fights in Congress)

a. Compromise of 1820 (Keep balance)

b. Wilmot Proviso of 1846

1. Would ban slavery in new lands gained from Mexico (Does not pass)

c. Compromise of 1850 ( 5 parts)

1. California admitted as free state

2. New Mexico and Utah could decide.

3. no sale of slaves in Washington D.C.

4. Texas would give up claim to New Mexico territory.

Henry Clay of Kentucky

Stephen Douglas from Illinois

5. Fugitive Slave Act- required citizens to apprehend runaway slaves (victory for South)

d. People lead the fight

1. “Black Moses” Harriet Tubman (escaped slavery 1849) leads over 300 slaves to freedom.

II. Tensions rising

a. “Bleeding Kansas”- Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois

1. Popular sovereignty. Voters to decide

2. 1855 two capitals established

B. Violence in the Senate

1. May 1856, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner insults South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler.

2. Senator Preston Brooks attacks Sumner in the Senate chambers.

c. Election of 1856

1. In 1854, the Republicans forms, protesting slavery

2. James Buchanan (democrat) defeats John C. Fremont (newly formed republican party).

3. Dred Scott decision of 1857. Chief Justice Roger Taney’s response , “Slaves were private property and thus no decision(rights) needs to be made”

This Day in History

Oct 10th, 1845 The Naval Academy opens in Annapolis, Maryland

III. Lincoln- Douglas Debates (Senate seat in Illinois)

a. 1858

1. Issues “Majority rule and Minority rights.”

2. Spread of slavery.

3. Douglas wins election.

This day In history

Oct. 28th, 1886 Statue of Liberty dedication.

IV. Nation divides

a. Harpers Ferry raid. (Feb. 1859 in Virginia)

1. John Brown leads failed raid.

b. Election of 1860

1. Democratic party splits over issue of slavery

2. Republican nominate Lincoln.

3. Lincoln wins without winning any electoral votes from the South. (gets 39% popular vote)

c. South outraged1. South Carolina leaves the union, Dec. 1860.

2. Six other states leave the Union. Forming the Confederate States of America, in Feb, 1861. (elect Jefferson Davis from Mississippi as President)

d. War starts

1. April 6, 1861 Lincoln sends food and medical supplies to fort.

2. Davis sends orders to take Fort Sumter.

3. P.G.T. Beauregard orders fort to surrender.

4. April 12, 1861 CSA

troops open fire on fort.