chap 4 tissue: living fabric learning objectives: 1.describe the 4 main tissue types. list several...
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Chap 4Tissue: Living Fabric
Learning Objectives:1. Describe the 4 main tissue types. List several structural
and functional characteristics of each.2. Name, classify, and describe the various types of
epithelial (including chief functions and locations), connective, nervous, and muscle tissue.
3. Define gland. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands.
Read Chapter 4. Study the different photos of tissue throughout the chapter noting their characteristics, functions, and locations.
Problem: Torn Knee Cartilage
Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Video: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/arthroscopic-knee-surgery/MM00006
Discussion
What is tissue?
Discussion
Is skin considered tissue?
PREDICTWhich of these are examples of tissue?
a. muscle
b. nerve
c. connective
d. skin
e. All the above
4 Main Tissue Types
• _________ (covering)
• _________ (support)
• _________ (movement)
• _________ (control)
What is Epithelial? Epithelial - sheet of ____ that covers a body surface or lines
a body cavity (examples: outer layer of skin, glands of the bodies, lining of body cavities)
Functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception
Characteristics: 1) _________ (an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ, and a lower attached basal surface) 2) Most epithelial fits closely together to form continuous sheets 3) Supported by _________ tissue 4) _________ but innervated (Innervated means ____) 5) High regeneration
More About Epithelial
3 Basic types of epithelial:
1. ________ – flattened & scalelike
2. ________ – boxlike
3. ________ – tall & column-shaped
NOTE: Epithelial tissue usually grows in either a single layer (simple) or in two or more layers stacked one on top of another (stratified)
Practice: Getting To Know Your Basic Epithelial Tissues
Instructions:
1. Work individually on this exercise.
2. Using Chapter 4 pages 110 – 113 as a reference, quickly classify each tissue on the practice sheet as “simple” or “stratified”. Then, give it’s proper name, description, function, and location.
3. Estimated Time: 10 - 12 minutes
I. Simple EpithelialA. _______ ________ epithelial
Description: Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparseCytoplasm. __________ kind of epithelium.
Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration where protection is not essential; secretes lubricating substance
Location: Kidney glomeruli, lung air sacs, heart linings, bloodVessels, lymph vessels, lining of ventral body cavity
I. Simple Epithelial continued
B. ______ _______ Epithelial
Description: _____ layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface
I. Simple Epithelial continuedC. _____ ________ EpitheliumDescription: Single layer of _____ cells;
sometimes have _______; may contain goblet cells ( mucous-secreting unicellular glands)
Function: absorption, secretion of mucous/ enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucous or reproductive cells
Location: Non-ciliated kind - Digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands. Ciliated kind – small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus
I. Simple Epithelial continuedD. _____________ Columnar
Epithelial
Description: single layers of _________ heights; some do not reach the free surface; nuclei present at different levels; may contain goblet cells with cilia
Function: secretion, propulsion
Location: Non-ciliated type – sperm-carrying ducts, ducts of large glands. Ciliated type – trachea, upper respiratory tract
cilia
Basement membrane
Connective tissue
II. Stratified EpithelialA. ________ Squamous
Epithelium
Description: Most ________ of the stratified epithelial; thick membrane with several layers
Function: Protection
Location: Non-keratinized type – moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina. Keratinized type – epidermis
NOTE: There is a keratinized type (surface full of dead cells; rough due to protein content)
Basement membrane Connective tissue
B. Transitional Epithelial, pg 114
Description: Resembles stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; has cuboidal or columnar basal cells; surface cells are are more squamous-like
Function: Stretches and contains
Location: bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra
II. Stratified Epithelial
________ - consists of one or more cells that make and excrete a product. A gland is classified depending on where it excretes its product.
III. Glandular Epithelial
Glands are either: a) _________ - internally secreting; usually ‘ductless’; produce hormones. Examples: pancreas (secreting insulin), thyroid, etc.
b) ________ - externally secreting and numerous; secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities. Examples: mucous, sweat, oil, salivary, liver (secretes bile), pancreas (secreting digestive enzymes)
Quick Review Epithelial Tissue1. What are the 3 basic types of epithelial
tissue?
2. What two ways does epithelial tissue (in general) typically grow?
3. What are the two main types of glands and the difference between them?
• Found everywhere in the body (most abundant of the 4 tissue types)
• 4 main classes of connective tissue:
a)
b)
c)
d)
2nd Main Type of Tissue: Connective Tissue
Characteristics of Connective Tissue a) common origin (all arise from embryonic tissue)
b) either ________ or _________
c) has a ______ amount of “extracellular matrix” (interstitial fluid, proteins, fibers, and cells)
NOTE: Fibers are either collagen (a fibrous protein), elastic or reticular (short/fine and branching)