chap 8: adolescents, young adults, and adults instructor’s name semester, 200_
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Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter Objectives
• Explain why it is important for community health workers to be aware of the different health concerns of the various age groups in the United States.
• Define by age the groups of adolescents and young adults, and adults.
• Briefly describe key demographic characteristics of adolescents and young adults.
Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter Objectives
• Explain what the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS), and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are and what type of data they generate.
• Provide a brief behavioral risk profile for adolescents, college students, and adults.
Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter Objectives
• Outline the health profiles for the various age groups-adolescents and young adults, and adults-listing major causes of mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for each group.
• Give examples of community health strategies for improving the health status of adolescents and young adults, and adults.
Chap 8: Adolescents
Introduction
• Understanding age group Health Risks and Problems
– Detect risks for specific target populations
– Propose specific reduction programs
Chap 8: Adolescents
Adolescents and Young Adults• Fall into the 15- to 24-year-old range
Baby Echo– offspring of the baby boom generation
• Critical time period– faces physical, emotional, and educational
changes
Chap 8: Adolescents
Demography
• The Number of Adolescents and Young Adults
• Living Arrangements
• Employment Status
Chap 8: Adolescents
Employment Status
• Proportion of overall labor force has remained constant since 1980’s
• Unemployment rates vary significantly by race and ethnicity
• Access to health care affected by employment status
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health ProfileAdolescents and Young Adults• Mortality
– Medical advances have reduced death rate dramatically
– Physical threat comes primarily from behavioral activities
• Causes– Motor vehicle crashes– Other unintentional injuries– Homicides– Suicides
Chap 8: Adolescents
Major causes of mortality (15- 24)
Motor Vehicles Crashes
33%
Suicide13%
Homicide18%
Other Unintentional
Injuries11%
Other Causes25%
Chap 8: Adolescents
Teen Suicide Rates (YRBS, 1999)
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
20.00%
1990 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health ProfileAdolescents and Young Adults• Morbidity
– Measles– Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chap 8: Adolescents
Causes of Morbidity
• Communicable diseases– measles– sexually transmitted diseases
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Behaviors and Lifestyle Choices of High School Students• Behaviors that contribute to
Unintentional Injury
• Behaviors that contribute to Intentional Injury
• Tobacco Use• Increased use of smokeless tobacco among teenage
males
• Alcohol and Other Drugs
• Sexual Behavior
Chap 8: AdolescentsHealth Behaviors and Lifestyle Choices of College Students
• Behaviors that contribute to Unintentional Injuries
• Behaviors that contribute to Intentional Injuries
• Tobacco Use
• Alcohol and Other Drugs
• Sexual Behavior
Chap 8: Adolescents
Strategies for Improving the Health of Adolescents and Young Adults• Community Based
– Involving stakeholders
• Comprehensive
• Collaborative
• Multifaceted
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health ProfileAdults
• 25 to 64 years old
• Represents about half the U.S. Population
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health ProfileAdults• Mortality
– Overall death rate improving• Improved health behavior and lifestyles
– Cancer– Cardiovascular Disease– Chronic Disease
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health ProfileAdults• Health Behaviors and Lifestyle
Choices– Smoking
• Responsible for one in every six deaths
– Lack of Exercise– Alcohol Consumption– Weight
Chap 8: Adolescents
Risk Factors for Chronic Disease• Smoking
• Lack of exercise
• Alcohol consumption
• Body weight
Chap 8: AdolescentsStrategies for Improving the Health of Adults• Primary Prevention programs
– Exercise– Nutrition
• Secondary Prevention– Clinical Screening
• Tertiary Prevention– Medication Compliance