chap 9: elders anita sego spring, 2005. chap 9: elders chapter objectives identify the signs of an...
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Chap 9: Elders
Anita Sego
Spring, 2005
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Chap 9: Elders
Chapter Objectives
• Identify the signs of an aging population.
• Define the following groups-old, young old, old old, and oldest old.
• Define the terms aged, aging, elders, gerontology, and geriatrics.
• State several commonly held myths about the senior population.
• Explain the meaning of an age-pyramid.
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Chap 9: Elders
Chapter Objectives
• List the factors that affect the size and age of a population.
• Define fertility and mortality rates and explain how they impact life expectancy.
• Explain the difference between support and labor-force ratios.
• Briefly outline elder abuse and neglect in the United States.
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Chap 9: Elders
Chapter Objectives
• Describe the typical elder, with regard to martial status, living arrangements, racial and ethnic background, economic status, and geographic location.
• Identify the six instrumental needs of elders.
• Briefly summarize the Older Americans Act of 1965.
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Chap 9: Elders
Chapter Objectives
• List the services provided for elders in most communities.
• Explain the difference between respite care and adult day care.
• Identify the four different levels of tasks with which elderly need assistance.
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Chap 9: Elders
Definitions
• Aged– state of being old
• Aging– changes that occur as living things grow
older
• Gerontology– study of aging
• Geriatrics– medical practice specializing in treatment
of the aged
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “After age 65, life goes steadily downhill.”
• Truth: – There is no magic age that defines the
boundary between healthy middle age and total decrepitude.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Old people are all alike.”
• Truth: – There are more differences among seniors
than any other segment of the U.S. population.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Old people are lonely and ignored by their
families.”
• Truth: – Seniors are the least likely to be lonely of
any age group; and those who live alone are likely to be in close contact, either in person or by telephone, with close friends and/or their children.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Old people are senile.”
• Truth: – Senility is the result of disease and only
affects about 5% of seniors living in noninstitutional settings.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Old people have a good life.”
• Truth: – Though seniors do gain certain advantages
when they retire and when their children leave home, they still face a number of concerns such as loss of loved ones, loss of health, and loss of value in society.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Most old people are sickly.”
• Truth: – Most older people do have at least one
chronic health problem, but the majority of seniors are able to live active life-styles.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Old people no longer have any sexual
interest or ability.”
• Truth: – Sexual interest does not diminish with age,
but there is a slight alteration in sexual response. Nonetheless, many seniors in reasonably good health have active and satisfying sex lives.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Most old people end up in nursing
homes.”
• Truth: – Only approximately 6% of those above the
age of 65 live in nursing homes. While that % jumps to 25% for the oldest old, (85 & over) it is still well below half.
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Chap 9: Elders
Myths of Aging
• Myth: – “Older people are unproductive.”
• Truth: – There is no consistent pattern to show
superior productivity in any age group.
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Chap 9: Elders
Demography of Aging
• Size & Growth
• Factors which affect population size & age– fertility rates– mortality rates– migration
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Chap 9: Elders
Support & Labor-Force Ratios
• Support ratio– comparison between society’s
unproductive and productive individuals– total support ratio youth support ratio– elderly support ratio
• Labor-force support ratio– based upon the number who are actually
working
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Chap 9: Elders
Demography of Aging
• Marital status & other variables
• Living arrangement
• Racial and Ethnic composition
• Geographic Distribution
• Economic Status
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Chap 9: Elders
Income Sources of SeniorsOther3%
Assets19%
S.S.38%
Pensions19%
Earnings21%
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Chap 9: Elders
Housing Needs of Seniors
• Housing
• older homes
• homes of lower
value
• in need of repair
• less likely to have
central heating and
air conditioning
• less likely to have a
telephone
Single familySingle family
Multi-Multi-
Mobile homesMobile homes
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Chap 9: Elders
Health Profile of Elders
• Mortality
• Morbidity– Chronic conditions– Impairments
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Chap 9: Elders
Health Behaviors
• Less likely– consume large amounts of alcohol– smoke cigarettes– overweight or obese
• when compared to younger counterparts
• Neglect and Abuse
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Chap 9: Elders
Instrumental Needs of Elders
• Income
• Housing
• Personal Care
• Health Care
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Chap 9: Elders
Transportation Concerns of Seniors• Important to remain independent
• Solutions to Transportation Problems– Fare reductions– Subsidies to mass transit– Subsidies for taxis– Funds to assist centers in purchasing
equipped vehicles
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Chap 9: Elders
Community Facilities & Services• Meal service
– programs such as meals-on-wheels & congregate meals
• Homemaker service – enables elderly to remain in their own
homes
• Chore & home maintenance service
• Visitor service
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Chap 9: Elders
Community Facilities & Services• Adult day care
– provides care for seniors left alone all day
• Respite care
• Home health care
• Senior centers
• Other Services
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Chap 9: Elders
Chapter 9
Seniors