chap003 mis (management information system)
TRANSCRIPT
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
1
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
C h a p t e r
3
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Computer
Hardware
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
2
• Identify the major types, trends, and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems.
• Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.
• Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system.
Chapter Objectives
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
3
• Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons for your selections
Chapter Objectives
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
4 Trends in Computer System Capabilities
FirstGeneration
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
FifthGeneration
VacuumTubes
VacuumTubes Solid-StateSolid-State Integrated
CircuitsIntegrated
Circuits
LSI, VLSIMicro-
processors
LSI, VLSIMicro-
processors
GreaterPower,Smaller
Footprint
GreaterPower,Smaller
Footprint
Trend: Toward Smaller, Faster, More Reliable, and Less Costly
Trend: Toward Easy to Purchase, and Easy to Maintain
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
5 Computer System Categories
MainframeComputers
MidrangeComputers
Microcomputers
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
6 Microcomputer Systems
• Handheld Computers– PDA, Information
Appliances
• Notebook Computers• Desktop Computers• Workstations
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
7 Network Computers and Terminals
• Network Computer (Thin Client)
• NetPC
• Network Terminal
Benefits• Lower purchase cost• Easier maintenance• Easier software
distribution and licensing
• Computer platform standardization
• Reduced end user support requirements
• Improved manageability
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
8 Client Server Networking
ClientSystems
ServersServers
Host Systems/Superservers
Host Systems/Superservers
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
9 Computer System Components
Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
OutputDevices
CacheMemory
Primary Storage
SecondaryStorageDevices
ControlUnit ALU
SpecialPurposeProcessors
Output Devices
InputDevices
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
10 Input Technology Trends
FirstGeneration
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
FifthGeneration
Punched Cards
Paper Tape
Punched Cards
Paper Tape
Punched Cards
Punched Cards
Key to Tape/Disk
Key to Tape/Disk
Keyboard Data EntryPointing DevicesOptical Scanning
Keyboard Data EntryPointing DevicesOptical Scanning
Voice RecognitionSpeech and
Touch DevicesHandwriting Recognition
Voice RecognitionSpeech and
Touch DevicesHandwriting Recognition
Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Naturaland Easy to Use
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
11 Common Input Devices
• Keyboard• Pointing Devices• Pen Based Computing• Speech Recognition• Optical Scanning• Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition• Smart Cards• Digital Cameras
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
12 Output Technology Trends
FirstGeneration
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
FifthGeneration
Punched Cards
Printed Reportsand Documents
Punched Cards
Printed Reportsand Documents
Punched Cards
Printed Reports and Documents
Punched Cards
Printed Reports and Documents
Printed Reportsand DocumentsVideo Displays
Printed Reportsand DocumentsVideo Displays
Video DisplaysAudio ResponsesPrinted Reportsand Documents
Video DisplaysAudio ResponsesPrinted Reportsand Documents
Video DisplaysVoice Responses
Hyperlinked MultimediaDocuments
Video DisplaysVoice Responses
Hyperlinked MultimediaDocuments
Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally,Quickly, and Clearly
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
13 Common Output Devices
• Video Output– CRT
– LCD
• Printed Output– Inkjet
– Laser
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
14
Storage Trends
FirstGeneration
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
FifthGeneration
Magnetic Drum
Magnetic Drum
MagneticCore
MagneticCore
MagneticCore
MagneticCore
LSI SemiconductorMemory Chips
LSI SemiconductorMemory Chips
VLSI SemiconductorMemory Chips
VLSI SemiconductorMemory Chips
Trend: Towards Large Capacities Using Smaller Microelectronic Circuits
Trend: Towards Massive Capacities Using Magnetic and Optical Media
Magnetic TapeMagnetic DrumMagnetic TapeMagnetic Drum
Magnetic TapeMagnetic DiskMagnetic TapeMagnetic Disk
Magnetic DiskMagnetic TapeMagnetic DiskMagnetic Tape
Magnetic DiskOptical Disk
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic DiskOptical Disk
Magnetic Tape
Optical DiskMagnetic DiskOptical Disk
Magnetic Disk
PrimaryStoragePrimaryStorage
SecondaryStorage
SecondaryStorage
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
15 Primary & Secondary Storage Media
SemiconductorMemory
SemiconductorMemory
MagneticDisks
Floppy DiskHard Disk, RAID
MagneticDisks
Floppy DiskHard Disk, RAID
Magnetic TapeMagnetic Tape
Optical DisksCD-ROM, CD-R
CD-RWDVD
Optical DisksCD-ROM, CD-R
CD-RWDVD
Acc
ess
Spee
d In
crea
ses
Stor
age
Cap
acity
Dec
reas
es
Cos
t per
Bit
Incr
ease
s
Direct Access
SequentialAccess
Direct Access S
eco
nd
ary
Sto
rag
ePri
mary
Sto
rag
e
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
16 Chapter Summary
• A computer system is a system of information processing components that perform input, processing, output, storage and control functions.
• The hardware components in a computer include input and output devices, a central processing unit (CPU), and primary and secondary storage.
• There are three major categories of computers: microcomputers, midrange computers and mainframe computers
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
17 Chapter Summary (cont)
• Microcomputers are used as personal computers, but are also interconnected in a variety of telecommunications networks.
• Midrange computers are increasingly being used as powerful network servers and for many multi-user business data processing and scientific applications.
• Mainframe computers are larger and more powerful and are used to handle information processing needs for large organizations .
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
18 Chapter Summary (cont)
• Peripheral devices used for input and output come in a variety shape and sizes. Future trends are towards devices that communicate naturally and are quick and easier to use.