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WATCH THE VIDEO CAREFULLY...

Pea plant movie

http://youtube%20-%20pea%20plant%20development.flv/http://youtube%20-%20pea%20plant%20development.flv/

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WHAT ABOUT THIS PICTURE???

allStagesButtons.gif

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THIS IS WE CALLED AS...

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What process or even occurwhich allow all of these

happen????

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CELL

DIVISON

NURUL AZUWIN BT YAZID-2010-

CHAPTER 5:

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TODAY WE WILL LEARN ABOUT

Celldivision

interphase M phase

mitosis meiosis

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mitosis

definition significance Importances Stages cloning

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5.1 MITOSIS

The necessity for cell division in living organism

What is chromosome?

The significance of mitosis

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THE NECESSITY FOR CELL DIVISION IN LIVING

ORGANISM

All living organism consist of cell

Most of cell undergo cell division

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...splitting cell into two daughter cell

which genetically identical to parent

cell

Parent cell

Daughter cell

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Why do cells divide?

_______

_______

_______

_______

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THE CELL DIVIDE FOR...

The new cell formation allow:

replacement of dead cell

body repair damaged tissue

body growth and development

reproduction in unicellular organism

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division

division

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Nuclear

division

cytoplasmicdivision

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TYPES OF CELLS

Somatic cell- all body cell (except reproductivecell) form trough mitosis

Gametic cell- reproductive cell that formed

trough meiosis

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WHAT IS CHROMOSOMES

The nucleus of cellcontain chromosomes

Each chromosomescontain DNAmolecules whichcarries genes (geneticmaterial)

Genes- determine theindividualcharacteristic of

organism

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DNA

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NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES

The chromosomal number for certain species

is constant and varied from one species to

another.

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Eg: human - 46 chromosomesMonkey- 48 chromosomes

Chicken- 78 chromosomes

Somatic cell has two set of chromosomes.

One set is inherited from each parent.

Two set of chromosomes = diploid= 2n

Gametic cell has one set of chromosomes.One set of chromosome=_______=_____

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organisms receive one of each type of

chromosome from female parent (maternal

chromosomes) and one of each type of

chromosome from male parent (paternal

chromosomes)

refers to the number of sets of

homologous chromosomes in a cell

______ one copy of each chromosomedesignated as n

______ two copies (= pair) of each chromosome

designated as 2n

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In human (46 chromosomes in somatic cell) Each set consist of _____ chromosomes

the nucleus of human somatic cell has ______

chromosomes arranged in _____ pairs or 2n =______ chromosomes

Gametes contain only one set of unpairedchromosomes or haploid number of chromosomes(n)

2set (2n-diploid): ___ chromosomes (somatic cell)1set (n-haploid):___ chromosomes (gametic cell)

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TRIVIA....

A monkey sperm cell have 24 chromosomes,how many pairs of chromosomes does thecheek cells of the monkey have?

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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Two chromosomes in each pair have thesame structural features and are referred asthe homologous chromosomes.

Homologue

http://arnica.csustan.edu/biol3020/genetics/alleles.gif

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One form paternal origin whereas the otherone is from maternal origin

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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

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HOMOLOGOUS VSDUPLICATED

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SIGNIFICANCES OF MITOSIS

Each daughter formed through mitosiscarries genetic material (DNA) inherited fromthe parent cell.

This genetic information is passed on to newcells during division to produce two identical

nuclei.

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THE IMPORTANT OF MITOSIS

1. growth- the number of cell within organismincreases by mitosis. Basic grow in multicellular organism

Growth in human

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2. cell replacement- replacementdamaged cells and tissue

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3. Regeneration some animals areable to regenerate whole part of thebody such as star fish, lizard tail

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4. asexual reproduction mitosis is the basisof asexual reproduction individual of species

by one parent

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THAT ALL FOR TODAY...

Next class ----cell cycle

P k f h

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Packing for the move

When cell is not dividing

DNA molecules in extended,uncondensed form = __________

Cell can only use DNA to producemolecules when in extended state.

When cell is preparing for division

DNA molecules condense to form______________ prior to division.

each chromosome is a single molecule of DNA

easier to sort and organize DNA into daughter cells

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Structure of a eukaryotic chromosome

__________ chromosome

arm armcentromere

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Prior to cell division:chromosomes (DNA) are replicated(duplicated)

duplicated

chromosome

duplicated chromosome attached at their centromeres

as long as attached, known as

_________ ______________

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daughter

chromosomes

sister

chromatids

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KARYOTYPE Karyotype is the ______

______ ___ _________ of

a cell of any living organism.

The chromosomes arearranged and displayed(often on a photo) in pairs,ordered by size.

To the right is a typicalkaryotype of a human male.

arm arm

centromere

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KARYOTYPE

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http://arnica.csustan.edu/biol3020/genetics/alleles.gifhttp://arnica.csustan.edu/biol3020/genetics/alleles.gif

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DUPLICATED/REPLICATEDCHROMOSOMES

Sister Chromatids

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Cell Cycle

2 major phases:

__________(3 stages)

DNA uncondensed(= chromatin)

________ (4 stages + cytokinesis)

- Nuclear division & division of cytoplasm DNA condensed (= chromosomes)

WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND ABOUT

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WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND ABOUT

DEVELOPMENT??? WHAT HAPPEN TO CELL?

WHAT IS CELL DIVISION?

allStagesButtons.gif

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CELL CYCLE

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MY IDEA

Before we continue, I want all of you to drawthe cell in interphase phase base on youunderstanding

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Interphase

non-dividing state

3 sub-stages:

___ cell grows in size organelles replicated

___ replication of DNA synthesis of proteins associatedwith DNA

___ synthesis of proteins associated

with mitosis

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MY IDEA (2 MINUTES)

Base on the cell given, draw the cell in each subphase base on your understanding

Mit i

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Mitosis

4 sub-phases:

1st Prophase

2nd Metaphase

3rdAnaphase

4th

Telophase and Cytokinesis

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ACTIVITY: JIGSAW

1. Teacher will count student from 1 until 5then it will be repeating until all of studentfinish

2. then all of you will sit in group and get thesubtopic to be discuss from teacher.

3. after finish discussion in group (10 min),you need to distribute into another groupand explain about the subtopic you getuntil they understand.(5 min)

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PROPHASE

Chromosomes in the nucleus condense andbecome tightly coiled. They appear shorterand thicker

Each chromosomes consist of a pair of sisterchromatids joined together at the

centromere.

Prophase:

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Prophase:nucleus

disappears

centrioles

migrate

chromosomesappear

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METAPHASE

Begin when centromere of all chromosomesare line up on the metaphase plate

Two sister chromatids are attached the fibres

by their centromere.

centriole

centromereSister chromatids

Spindle fibre

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ANAPHASE

Two sister cromatids of each chromosomesseparate at the centromere

Sister chromatid are pulled apart to the

opposite pole by the shortening of spindlefibre.

anaphase

TELOPHASE

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TELOPHASE Begin when 2 set of

chromosomes reach theopposite pole of the cell.

The spindle fibre dissapearand a new cell membrane form

around each set ofchromosomes

Nucleolus also form in each of

nucleus Chromosomes start to uncoil

(chromatin)

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APPLY YOUR IDEAS

1. Answer all the objective question(individually)

2. I will call a number to write down the answerin front of class.

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Letsplaaaay

Guess

ThatPhase!

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ACTIVITIES (20 MINUTES)

Made model of MITOSIS using drawingpaper, thread and plasticine in group of 5

The chromosome number is 2n=2

Made sure your model has the 4 phase ofmitosis and show the daughter cell at thelast.

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___________

i) chromosomes condense

3 major events

ii) spindle fibers form

iii) chromosomes are captured byspindle

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Mitotic SpindleForms

spindle fibers are specializedmicrotubules

spindle fibers radiate out fromcentrioles, forming the aster

centrioles occur in pairs, and areduplicated during interphase

h ti condensing

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chromatin

nucleolus

nucleus

centrioles

condensing

chromosomes

Prophase

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/pcmb/osu_pcmb/images/Courses/PB101/metaphase.jpg

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__________

chromosomes align alongequator of the cell, with one

kinetochore facing each pole

centrioles

spindle fibers

chromosomes

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/pcmb/osu_pcmb/images/Courses/PB101/metaphase.jpghttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/mitosis/earlyanaphase.jpg

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_________

sister chromatids separate

spindle fibers attached to

kinetochores shorten and pullchromatids towards the poles.

free spindle fibers lengthen and pushpoles of cell apart

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/mitosis/earlyanaphase.jpg

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____________

spindle fibers disintegrate

nuclear envelopes form around bothgroups of chromosomes

chromosomes revert to their extendedstate

nucleoli reappear

cytokinesis occurs, enclosing eachdaughter nucleus into a separate cell

T l h

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chromosomes

decondensing

nuclear envelopereforming

nucleolus reappears

pinching of cell

membrane at equator

Telophase

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cytokinesis

Late Telophase

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PLANT VS ANIMAL

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______________ PLANT VS. ANIMALCELLS

Plant cells undergocytokinesis by forming a cellplate between the twodaughter nuclei

Animal cells undergocytokinesis through theformation of a cleavage furrow.A ring of microtubules contract,pinching the cell in half.

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DEMOs: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.html#

http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.html

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EXERCISE

Answer objective question (1-10) individually

PHASES AND SUB PHASES OF CELL

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PHASES AND SUB-PHASES OF CELLDIVISION

1. Interphase

2. Mitosis

a. G1

b. S

c. G2

a. Nuclear division

b. Cytokinesis

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

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