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URINARY SYSTEM

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Components of Urinary System

• 2 kidneys

• 2 ureters

• 1 urinary bladder

• 1 urethra

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Figure 18.2a

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Kidney Characteristics

• Shape and size:

- bean shaped

• Location:

between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar

vertebra

• Right is slightly more inferior than the

left

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Kidney Structures

• Renal capsule:- connective tissue

around each kidney

- protects and acts as

a barrier

• Hilum:

- indentation

- contains renal

artery, veins, nerves,

ureter

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• Renal sinus:

contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, fat 

• Renal cortex:

outer portion

• Renal medulla:

inner portion

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• Renal pyramid:

 junction between

cortex and medulla

• Calyx:

tip of pyramids

• Renal pelvis:

- where calyces join

- narrows to formureter

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Nephron

• What is it?

- functional unit of kidneys

- over 1 million/kidney

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Components of Nephron 

• Renal corpuscle:

structure that contains a Bowman’s capsule

and glomerulus

• Bowman’s capsule: 

- enlarged end of nephron

- opens into proximal tubule

- contains podocytes (specialized cellsaround glomerular capillaries)

• Glomerulus:

contains capillaries wrapped around it

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• Filtration membrane:

- in renal corpuscle

- includes glomerular capillaries, podocytes,

basement membrane

• Filtrate:

fluid that passes across filtration membrane

• Proximal tubule:

where filtrate passes first 

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• Loop of Henle:

- contains descending and ascending loops

- water and solutes pass through thin wallsby diffusion

•Distal tubule:structure between Loop of Henle and collectingduct

• Collecting duct:

- empties into calyces

- carry fluid from cortex through medulla 

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Figure 18.5a

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Figure 18.4

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Flow of Filtrate through Nephron

1. Renal corpuscle2. Proximal tubule

3. Descending loop of Henle

4. Ascending loop of Henle5. Distal tubule

6. Collecting duct

7. Calyx

8. Renal pelvis

9. Ureter

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Blood Flow through Kidneys1. Renal artery

2. Interlobal artery3. Arcuate artery

4. Interlobular artery

5. Afferent arteriole

6. Glomerulus

7. Efferent ateriole

8. Peritubular capillaries

9. Vasa recta10. Interlobular vein

11. Arcuate vein

12. Interlobar vein

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Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

• Ureters:

small tubes that carry urine from renal pelvisof kidney to bladder

• Urinary bladder:

- in pelvic cavity- stores urine

- can hold a few ml to a max. of 1000 ml

• Urethra:- tube that exits bladder

- carries urine from urinary bladder to

outside of body