chapter 006
TRANSCRIPT
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The Human Body in Health and Illness, 4th edition
Barbara Herlihy
Chapter 6: Tissues and Membranes
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Lesson 6-1 Objectives
• List the four basic types of tissues.• Describe the functions of epithelial tissue.• Explain how epithelial tissue is classified.• Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine
glands.
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Types of Tissues
• Tissues: Groups of cells that are similar to one another in structure and function
• Histology: Study of tissues• Four major types of tissues– Epithelial– Connective– Nervous– Muscular
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Epithelial Tissue Functions
• Protection• Absorption• Filtration• Secretion• Transportation
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Traits of Epithelial Tissue
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• Forms continuous sheets, like floor tiles
• Outer surface unattached• Undersurface attached to
basement membrane• Avascular• Well-nourished,
regenerates quickly
• Forms continuous sheets, like floor tiles
• Outer surface unattached• Undersurface attached to
basement membrane• Avascular• Well-nourished,
regenerates quickly
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Types of Epithelial Tissue
• Classification according to shape– Squamous– Cuboidal– Columnar
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Layers of Epithelial Tissue
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• Classified according to number of layers– Simple epithelium– Stratified epithelium
• Classified according to number of layers– Simple epithelium– Stratified epithelium
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Location of Epithelial Tissues
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Glandular Epithelia
• Exocrine glands• Endocrine glands
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Lesson 6-2 Objectives
• Describe the functions of connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
• List the types of epithelial and connective tissue membranes.
• Differentiate between mucous and serous membranes.
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Functions of Connective Tissue
• Connection• Support• Protection• Fat storage• Transportation
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue
• Intercellular matrix – Abundant– Varies from liquid to hard
• Most is well vascularized.– Exceptions: Tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
• Presence and amount of protein fibers vary.– Collagen– Elastin– Reticular fibers (fine collagen)
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Types of Connective Tissue
• Loose– Areolar, adipose, reticular
• Dense fibrous• Cartilage– Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
• Bone• Blood and lymph
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Locations of Connective Tissue
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Nervous Tissue
• Makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
• Two types of cells– Neurons– Neuroglia
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Muscle Tissue
• Composed of cells (fibers) that contract to cause movement of a body part.
• Three types of muscle– Skeletal muscle– Smooth muscle– Cardiac muscle
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Locations of Muscle Tissue
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Tissue Repair
• Regeneration: Replacement of tissue via mitosis
• Fibrosis: Replacement of injured tissue with fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
• Keloid scarring: Excessive fibrosis
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Steps in Tissue Repair
1. Wound2. Clot and scab3. Tissue repair begins4. Scar tissue forms5. Epithelial cells
multiply6. Scab detaches
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Membranes
• Thin sheets of tissue that – Cover surfaces– Line body cavities– Surround organs
• Classification of membranes– Epithelial– Connective
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Cutaneous Membrane: Skin
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Connective Tissue Membranes
• Synovial (lines joints)• Periosteum (lines bones)• Perichondrium (lines cartilage)• Meninges (lines central nervous system)• Fascia (found throughout the body)
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Mucous Membranes
• Line all body cavities that open to the exterior of the body– Respiratory– Digestive– Urinary– Reproductive
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Serous Membranes
• Line ventral body cavities that do not open to the exterior
• Pleura– Parietal and visceral
• Pericardium• Peritoneum– Parietal and visceral
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