chapter 01
TRANSCRIPT
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious the Most Merciful
Prepared By : Engr KSK 1
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ELECTRONICSLecture No.01
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Course Outline
Part-1 (25%)
Semiconductors, rectifiers, transistors, relays, Operational
Amplifiers.
Part-2 (75%)
Number systems, Boolean Algebra, gates. Combinational logic
(adders, comparators, decoders, multiplexers, etc.) Sequential
logic (flip-flops, registers, counters, ROM, PROM, EPROM).
Microprocessors (registers, ALU, CU, memory, address, data and
control buses). ADC and DAC. Micro-controllers
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Recommended Books1. Electronic Devices by Floyd, 7th Edition, Prentice hall
2. Digital Design by M. Morris Mano & Michael D. Ciletti , 4th
edition
3. Electronic Principles By Malvino, A.Paul, McGraw Hill
4. Digital Computer Electronics 2nd Edition , By Malvino , McGraw
Hill
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Grading Policy Sessionals (30%)
Class assignments Chapter end problems
Quizzes Project
Mid-Semester Exam (20%) End-Semester Exam (50%) Lab Sessionals (15%) Lab Viva (10%)
(75 %)
(25 %)
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SEMICONDUCTOR BASICS
Friday, April 7, 2023
CHAPTER NO. 01
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Objectives
Discuss the basic structure of atoms
Discuss semiconductors, conductors, and insulators
Discuss covalent bonding in silicon
Describe how current is produced in a semiconductor
Describe the properties of n-type and p-type semiconductors
Describe a diode and how a pn junction is formed
Discuss the bias of a diode
Analyze the voltage-current (V-I) characteristic curve of a diode
Discuss the operation of diodes and explain the three diode models
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Atomic Structure
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the
characteristics of that element , which gives each element a unique
atomic structure
All matter is made of atoms and all atoms consist of electrons, protons,
and neutrons
The Bohr model of an atom showing electrons in orbits around the
nucleus, which consists of protons and neutrons. The "tails" on the
electrons indicate motion can be pictorially shown in the next slide
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Bohr model of an atom
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Two Simplest Atoms (Hydrogen &
Helium)
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Energy level increases as the distance from the
nucleus increases
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Diagram of carbon atom
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Energy bands of three types of
materials
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Diagram of silicon and copper atoms
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Diagram of silicon and germanium
atoms
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Illustration of covalent bond in silicon
atom
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Energy band diagram of a pure silicon
atom
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Creation of Electron-Hole pair in a
silicon crystal
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Illustration of Electron Hole pair (Generation &
Recombination)
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Electron current in intrinsic silicon
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Hole current in intrinsic silicon
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Pentavalent impurity atom in a silicon
crystal structure
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Trivalent impurity atom in a silicon
crystal structure
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Basic diode structure
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Formation of the Depletion region
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Energy diagrams illustrating the formation of PN
junction and depletion region
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Diode connected with forward bias
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Voltage due to the barrier potential across the
depletion region
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Depletion region narrows and voltage
drops when diode is forward bias
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Diode connected with reverse bias
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Diode after reverse voltage is applied
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Small reverse current in a reverse
bias diode
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VI characteristic curve for a diode
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Diode structure and schematic
symbol
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Forward & Reverse bias connection
of a diode
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DIODE MODELS
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Ideal model of a diode
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Practical model of a diode
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Complete model of a diode
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Example:
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Solution:
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Solution: (contd…)
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