chapter 016
TRANSCRIPT
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The Human Body in Health and Illness, 4th edition
Barbara Herlihy
Chapter 16:Anatomy of the Heart
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Lesson 16-1 Objectives
• Describe the location of the heart.• Name the three layers and covering of the
heart.• Explain the function of the heart as two
separate pumps. • Identify the four chambers of the heart.• Explain the functions of the four heart valves.
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Heart: Size and Location
• Located between second rib and fifth intercostal space– Apex: Lower, pointed – Base: Upper,
flattened – Precordium: Anterior
chest overlying heart
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Heart: Layers and Covering
• Three layers of heart– Endocardium– Myocardium– Epicardium
• Pericardium• Pericardial space,
with 10 to 30 mL fluid
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A Double Pump andTwo Circulations
• Double pump – Right heart (blue)– Left heart (red)
• Two circulations– Pulmonic– Systemic
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Chambers and Great Vessels
Chambers• Right atrium• Left atrium• Right ventricle• Left ventricle
Great Vessels• Venae cavae• Pulmonary artery• Pulmonary veins• Aorta
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Blood Flow Through the Heart• Right atrium
– From venae cavae
• Right ventricle– Pulmonary artery– Right and left lungs– Four pulmonary veins
• Left atrium • Left ventricle
• AortaCopyright © 2011, 2007 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Heart Valves: Atrioventricular (AV)• Tricuspid between
right atrium and ventricle
• Bicuspid (mitral) between left atrium and ventricle
• Cusps attached to ventricular walls by chordae tendineae
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Heart Valves: Semilunar Valves
• Pulmonic valve– Between right
ventricle and pulmonary artery
• Aortic valve – Between left
ventricle and aorta
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Auscultation of Heart Valves
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Lesson 16-2 Objectives
• Describe the blood flow through the heart.• List the vessels that supply blood to the heart.• Identify the major components of the heart’s
conduction system.
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Blood Flow Through the Heart• Right atrium
• From venae cavae• Tricuspid valve
• Right ventricle• Pulmonic valve• Pulmonary artery• Right and left
pulmonary capillaries
• Four pulmonary veins
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•Left atrium• Bicuspid (mitral)
valve
•Left ventricle• Aortic valve• Aorta
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Blood Supply to the Myocardium
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Characteristics of Coronary Blood Flow
• Flow can increase up to four to five times during exertion.
• Flow is greatest during myocardial relaxation.• Coronary arteries can form anastomoses.
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Diminished Coronary Blood Flow• Ischemia (diminished blood flow and oxygen
deprivation)• Angina (chest pain)• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)• Diagnostic tests
– Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)– Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)– Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)– Troponin
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Cardiac Conduction System
SA node
AV node Left atrium
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
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Cardiac Conduction System (cont’d.)
• SA node originates cardiac impulse. • Cardiac impulse spreads to AV node, left
atrium. Atria contract.
• AV node slows cardiac impulse and sends it to bundle of His.
• Bundle of His sends cardiac impulse to Purkinje fibers throughout the ventricles. Ventricles contract.
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Electrocardiogram: Measurement of Electrical Activity
• P-wave: impulse depolarizing in atria
• QRS complex: impulse depolarizing in ventricles
• T-wave: impulse repolarizing in ventricles
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