chapter 04_abap data declarations

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© IBM Corporation 2013ABAP Data Declarations | Dec-2008

ABAP Data Declarations


© IBM Corporation 20132 Dec-2008ABAP Data Declarations |

Objectives

The participants will be able to : List ABAP elementary data types

Declaring variables

List user-defined data types

Use arithmetic expressions

List field-symbols



C: Character Text

I: Integer

P: Packed #

F: Floating Point #

N: Numeric Text

D: Date

T: Time

X: Hexadecimal #

ABAP Elementary Data Types

STRING XSTRING



ABAP Elementary Data Types (Contd.)

C: Character Text

I: Integer

P: Packed #

F: Floating Point #

N: Numeric Text

D: Date

T: Time

X: Hexadecimal #

STRING XSTRING



DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,NICKNAME(35),POINTS TYPE I,GAMES TYPE I VALUE ‘10’,AVERAGE(5) TYPE P,STARTER,ACQUIRED TYPE D.

Declaring Variables



C: (blank)

I: zero

P: zero

F: zeroes

N: zeroes

D: 00000000

T: 000000

X: 00

The “CLEAR” statement sets a field back to its initial value, not its default value.

Initial Values



DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,NICKNAME(35) VALUE ‘Dr. J’,POINTS TYPE I VALUE ‘255’,GAMES TYPE I VALUE 10,AVERAGE(5) TYPE P VALUE ‘25.5’,STARTER VALUE ‘Yes’,ACQUIRED TYPE D VALUE ‘19760610’.

Assigning Default Values



DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius Erving’,NICKNAME(35),ACQUIRED TYPE D.

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius Erving’,NICKNAME LIKE PLAYER,ACQUIRED LIKE SY-DATUM.

Use the “LIKE” addition to declare fields with the same format (i.e., data type and length)

Declaring “Like” Fields



CONSTANTS: TEAM1(20) TYPE C VALUE ‘76ers’,TEAM2 TYPE TEAM1 VALUE ‘Celtics’,TOT_GAMES TYPE I VALUE 82.

If you attempt to change the value of a constant, a syntax error will occur.

Declaring Constants

The “VALUE” addition is required.



TYPES: NAME(35) TYPE C,TEAMS(20) TYPE C.

DATA: PLAYER TYPE NAME VALUE ‘Troy Aikman’,NICKNAME TYPE PLAYER.

CONSTANTS: TEAM1 TYPE TEAMS VALUE ‘Cowboys’,TEAM2 TYPE TEAM1 VALUE ‘Packers’.

A user-defined data type created with the “TYPES” statement is used to specify a field’s data type in the “TYPE”

addition of the “DATA” or “CONSTANTS” statements.

User-Defined Data Types



Standard Length

C = defined length

I = 12

P = (2 * defined length) + 1

F = 22

N = defined length

D = 10

T = 8

X = (2 * defined length)

Justification

C = left-justified

I = right-justified

P = right-justified

F = right-justified

N = left-justified

D = left-justified

T = left-justified

X = left-justified

Output Characteristic for Data Types



DATA: FLOAT TYPE F VALUE ‘98.7654321E2’,PACK TYPE P VALUE 12,INT TYPE I VALUE 32.

WRITE: / FLOAT,/ FLOAT EXPONENT 1 DECIMALS 3,/ FLOAT EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2,/ PACK,/ PACK DECIMALS 1,/ INT DECIMALS 2.

9.876543210000000E+03987.654E+01

9876.5412

12.0

32.00

Output for Numeric Fields

These fields are not aligned because of the different

standard output lengths of the numeric type fields.



Demonstration

Declaring variables and constants.



Practice

Declaring variables and constants.



DATA: TITLE(25),SALARY TYPE P,CNVSALARY TYPE SALARY,

MOVE ‘President’ TO TITLE.COMPUTE SALARY = 5000000.CNVSALARY = SALARY * 3.ADD 1000 TO SALARY.

MOVE <value> TO <field>.

[COMPUTE] <field> = <value or expression>.

ADD <value> TO <field>.SUBTRACT <value> FROM <field>.MULTIPLY <field> BY <value>.DIVIDE <field> BY <value>.

Assigning Values to Fields



COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.

SALARY = BASE * BONUS_PERCENT.

LENGTH = STRLEN( NAME ).

ANSWER = ( 10 + SQRT( NUM1 ) ) / ( NUM2 - 10 ).

Spacing is very important when using arithmetic expressions!!!

FunctionsSQRT, EXP, LOG,

SIN, COS, STRLEN, . . .

Operators+ - * / **

DIV and MOD

Arithmetic Expressions



DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C,INV_DATE TYPE SYDATUM.

CUSTOMER = ‘1234567890’.INV_DATE = ‘19960626’.

WRITE: / CUSTOMER+8(2), ‘xx’,INV_DATE(4).

* Start of MonthINV_DATE+6(2) = ‘01’.CUSTOMER+6(4) = ‘ABCD’.WRITE: / CUSTOMER, ‘------’, INV_DATE.

90 xx 1996123456ABCD ----- 06/01/1996

Sub-Fields in ABAP

Use an offset and length to display or change portions of a

field.



DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P,DOB TYPE D,TODAY TYPE SYDATUM.

DOB = ‘19621230’.TODAY = SY-DATUM.

DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB.

WRITE: ‘You are’, DAYSOLD, ‘days old.’

You are 12410 days old.

Date Calculations in ABAP

Date fields store values as “YYYYMMDD”.



Demonstration

Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.



Practice

Assigning values to the fields and doing calculations.



PARAMETERS: NUM TYPE I,NAME(20) DEFAULT ‘AARON’.

ADD 10 TO NUM.

WRITE: / NUM, ‘----’, NAME.

“Selection Screen”

Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS



These selection texts will be used on the selection screen

instead of the parameter names.

Selection Texts

Selection Screen With the parameter description



Demonstration

Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.



Practice

Creation of a selection screen and displaying the value in the report.



DATA: NUM TYPE I VALUE 12.FIELD-SYMBOLS: <F1>,

<F2> TYPE I,<F3> TYPE NUM.

ASSIGN: NUM TO <F1>,NUM TO <F2>,NUM TO <F3>.

WRITE: / ‘Line 1:’, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>.

<F1> = 32.

WRITE: / ‘Line 2:’, NUM, <F1>, <F2>, <F3>.

Line 1: 12 12 12 12Line 2: 32 32 32 32

Working with Field Symbols in ABAP

A field symbol is a “pointer” that assumes a

field’s address, not a field’s value.



Demonstration

Working with Field Symbols.



Practice

Working with Field Symbols.



Dynamic Assignment of Partial Strings

DATA: TEXT_LINE(30) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJK’.

FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.ASSIGN TEXT_LINE+2(5) TO <FSYMBOL>.

* this assigns 5 characters of text_line starting at* position 3 to the field string.

WRITE: / ‘Text Line =‘, TEXT_LINE.ULINE.WRITE: / ‘Field Symbol=‘, <FSYMBOL>.ULINE.

<FSYMBOL> = ‘1234567890’.

WRITE: / ‘Field Symbol =‘, <FSYMBOL>.ULINE.WRITE: / ‘Text Line =‘, TEXT_LINE.



PARAMETERS FIELD(8) DEFAULT ‘SY-UZEIT’.FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.

ASSIGN (FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.WRITE: / ‘The contents of field’, FIELD, <FSYMBOL>.

ELSE.WRITE: / ‘Failure assigning field’, FIELD, ‘to field symbol’.

ENDIF.

The contents of field SY-UZEIT 12:32:06

Selection Screen

List

Dynamic Field Assignment

FIELD SY-UZEIT



Demonstration

Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.



Practice

Dynamic assignment with the Field Symbol.



Summary

“DATA” statement is used to declare a variable (or field) in an ABAP program

"LIKE" and "TYPE" statements are used to declare fields with reference to other variables or fields

“CONSTANTS” statement is used to declare a constant

Text elements can be used to maintain a program’s title and column headings, selection texts, and text symbols. These text elements can be maintained in multiple languages

A field symbol does not reserve space for the field, but points to the field

“ASSIGN” statement associates a field to a field symbol at runtime

The system carries out automatic type conversion if variables are not of the same type

ABAP allows to display and change portions of a field by specifying an offset and length



Questions

What are the different types of data types?

What is a field symbol ? What is the advantage of using it in the program?

How to create a selection screen with the selection screen text?

chapter 04_abap data declarations

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