Distinguish between self-esteem and self-efficacy. Contrast high and low self-monitoring individuals,

and describe resulting problems each may have. Explain the social learning model of self-

management. Identify and describe the Big Five personality

dimensions, specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance, and describe the proactive personality.

Explain the difference between an internal and external locus of control.

Explain the concepts of emotional contagion and emotional labor, and identify the four components of emotional intelligence

Appreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality,

EmotionsLearning Objectives

Chapter Five

5-1 Figure 5-1

An OB Model for Studying Individual Differences

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Personalitytraits

Self Concept• Self-esteem• Self-efficacy

• Self-monitoring

The Unique Individual Forms of Self- Expression

Attitudes

Abilities

Emotions

Self-Management

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Self-concept is a person’s self-perception as a physical, social, spiritual being.

Cognitions are a person’s knowledge, opinions, or beliefs.

Self-esteem is one’s overall self-evaluation.

5-2

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From Self-Concept to Self-Management

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5-3

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Skills & Best Practices: How to Build Self-Esteem in Yourself and Others

1. Live consciously2. Be self-accepting3. Take personal responsibility4. Be self-assertive5. Live purposefully6. Have personal integrity

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Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to do a task

5-4

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Self-Efficacy (“I can do that.”)

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5-5 Figure 5-2

Self-Efficacy Beliefs Pave the Way for Success or Failure

McGraw-Hill

Priorexperience

Behaviormodels

PersuasionFrom

Others

AssessmentOf PhysicalEmotional

State

Sources of Self-Efficacy Beliefs

Feedback Results

High

“I know I can do this job

Self-efficacy

Beliefs

Low

“I don’t think I can get the job

done.”

BehaviorPatterns

BehaviorPatterns

Success

Failure

Self-monitoring is observing one’s own behavior and adapting it to the situation

5-6

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Self-Monitoring

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5-7 Figure 5-3

A Social Learning Model of Self-Management

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Person(Psychological self)

Situational cues Consequences

Behavior

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5-8 Table 5-1

Covey’s Seven Habits: An Agenda forManagerial Self-Improvement

1. Be proactive

2. Being with the end in mind

3. Put first things first

4. Think win/win

5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood

6. Synergize

7. Sharpen the saw

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5-9 Table 5-2

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

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Intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

Openness to experience

Relaxed, secure, unworriedEmotional stability

Trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted

Agreeableness

Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive

Extraversion

CharacteristicsPersonality Dimension

Dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent

Conscientiousness

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A Proactive Personality is an action-oriented person who shows initiative and perseveres to change things.

5-10

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Proactive Personality

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5-11

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Locus of Control

External locus of control: One’s life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate.

Internal locus of control: belief that one controls key events and consequences in one’s life.

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5-12

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Skills & Best Practices: How Lucky People Make Their Own Luck

1. Maximize chance opportunities2. Listen to your lucky hunches3. Expect good fortune4. Turn bad luck into good

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5-13 Table 5-3

Seven Major Mental Abilities

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Able to perceive spatial patterns and to visualize how geometric shapes would look if transformed in shape and position

Spatial

Ability to make quick and accurate arithmetic computations such as adding and subtracting

Numerical

Ability to produce isolated words that fulfill symbolic or structural requirements

Word fluency

Understanding what words mean and readily comprehending what is read

Verbal comprehension

DescriptionAbility

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5-14 Table 5-3

Seven Major Mental Abilities (Cont.)

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Ability to reason from specifics to general conclusions

Inductive reasoning

Ability to perceive figures, identify similarities and differences, and carry out tasks involving visual perception

Perceptual speed

DescriptionAbility

Having good memory for paired words, symbols, lists of numbers, or other associated items

Memory

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5-15

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Positive and Negative Emotions

Negative emotions (Goal incongruent):- Anger - Fright/anxiety- Guilt/shame - Sadness- Envy/jealousy - Disgust

Positive emotions (Goal congruent)- Happiness/joy - Pride- Love/affection - Relief

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Emotional Intelligence is the ability to manage oneself and interact with others in mature and constructive ways

5-16

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Emotional Intelligence

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5-17

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Skills & Best Practices: How to DevelopPersonal and Social Competence Through

Emotional Intelligence

Personal Competence

• Self-Awareness• Emotional self-awareness• Accurate self-assessment• Self-confidence

• Self-Management• Emotional self-control• Transparency• Adaptability• Achievement• Initiative• Optimism

Social Competence

• Social Awareness• Empathy• Organizational awareness• Service

• Relationship Management• Inspirational leadership• Influence• Developing others• Change catalyst• Conflict management• Building bonds• Teamwork and collaboration

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