chapter 08 principle and configuration of routing protocolv2

7/27/2019 Chapter 08 Principle and Configuration of Routing ProtocolV2

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Training objectives

Learn about the concepts and categories of routing protocols

Master the basic principles of RIP and IGRP

Master the configuration and verify of RIP and IGRP

Learn about the concepts of static route and dynamic route


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What a route is

A route is the path information toguide IP packets to be transferred.

Destination

network N

Other

networks

( N,R1,M )

R1


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Quidway#show ip rou teRout ing Table s:

Des t ina t ion /Mask p ro to p re f Met r ic Nex thopInter face

0.0.0.0/0 Stat ic 60 0 120.0.0.2Seria l0

8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 3 120.0.0.2Seria l0

9.0 .0 .0 /8 OSPF 10 50 20.0 .0 .2

Ethernet09.1.0.0/16 R IP 100 4 120.0 .0.2Seria l0

11.0.0.0/8 Stat ic 60 0 120.0.0.2Seria l0

Information in the routing table


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Static route

Configure a destination network accessed via a router with a static route

Network

S0

A B10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2

10.1.3.0


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Static Route Configuration

Quidway (config) #

ip route ip-address { mask | mask-length }{ interface-type interface-name | nexthop-address }[

preferencevalue ] [

reject|blackhole

]

Static route configuration command andconfiguration mode


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Static route configuration example

Configure on the router Quidway A:

ip route 129.1.0.0 16 10.0.0.2

Quidway A10.0.0.1

Quidway BSO

10.0.0.2 EO

129.1.0.0/16


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Default route

Configure on the router Quidway Aip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2

Network N

Quidway A Quidway B

10.0.0.1

10.0.0.2SO

SO

Public Network


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Adaptability to network topology change

Obtain routing information dynamically by means of a dynamic routing protocol

Network N1

Network N2


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Autonomous system (AS)

a set of routers managed by a unified institutionand using the same routing strategy


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IGP&EGP

Exterior route gateway protocols (EGP)

BGPAutonomous system(AS)

100Autonomous system (AS)

200

Interior gateway protocols (IGP)RIP

IGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

EIGRP


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Distance vector algorithmDistance vector algorithm

RIP

IGRP

EIGRPBGP

Link state algorithmLink state algorithm

OSPFIS-IS

Classes of Routing Protocols


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Routing Metric Value

Routing metric value: used to selectthe best route

Number of hops

Cost

Bandwidth

Delay

Load

Reliability

Network N1

Network N2


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Route priority

RIP OSPF IGRP

The route obtained from the protocol in thehighest priority is first selected and added to arouting table in priority.


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Distance-vector routing protocol

Distance-vector algorithmis based on the principle of vector addition

M = M 1 + M 2

J

I


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Finding distance-vector routing

R1 Route table

Destination networkNext hop

N1 R3

N2 R4

N3 R5

R2 Route table

Destination networkNext hop

N4 R6

R1 Route table

Destination

network Next hopN1 R3

N2 R4

N3 R5

N4 R2

R2 Route table

Destinationnetwork Next hop

N1 R1N2 R1

N3 R1

N4 R6

R1 R2Route switching

The distance-vector routing protocol transfers routing information between adjacent routers

s ance vec or rou ng


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Invalid routing information is transferred betweenrouters and will cause routing loops

Routing loops will cause the problems such ascyclic route, slow convergence, routeinconsistency, etc.

s ance-vec or rou ngloops


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Counting to Infinity

Routing loops will result in the problem ofcounting to infinity


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Solution to routing loops problem

Define a maximum routing metric to preventinfinite cycle

Split horizon: routing information received from a

port is disabled to send from this port

Route holding:Route poisoning: identify a route unreachable

with "Unreachable"

Triggered updates: send immediately

unreachable routing informationSet hold-down timers:keep routing information

within hold-down time


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Link state routing protocol

1

2

Information interchange basedon link state

Network topoloty which routerR1 knows about

When synchronization isachieved, R1 and R2 bothknow the topology of the

whole network

Network topoloty whichrouter R2 knows about

1

2


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Hop count metric selects the path (number of routers it passes)

Routes update every 30 secondsRIP protocol is applicable to small and medium-sized networks

RIP protocol overview

R1 R2

R3R4

PC PC


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Initialization of a RIP routing table

net1net2

Request

Response

Route tableInitial a routetable

R1 R2


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RIP protocol configuration

Starts the RIP routing protocol

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#networknetwork_number

or

Enables the RIP networknumber

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#network all

router(config)#router r ip


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Specify that runing RIP V2 on an interface

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#auto-sum m ary

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#no auto-sum m ary

Enable or disable any RIP V2 routeaggregation

router(conf ig- interface)# ip r ip version 2[ bcast | m cast ]


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Specify that runing RIP V2 on an interface

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#auto-sum m ary

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#no auto-sum m ary

Enable or disable any RIP V2 routeaggregation

router(conf ig- interface)# ip r ip version 2[ bcast | m cast ]

DisplayingtheRIPprotocol


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Displaying the RIP protocolconfiguration information

Quidway# show ip rip

RIP is turning on

checkzero is on default-metric : 16neighbor: 202.38.165.1

auto-summary is on preference : 100

Displayingtheroutingtable


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Displaying the routing tableinformation

Quidway#show ip route

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask proto pref Metric Nexthop Interface8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 3 120.0.0.2 Serial0

9.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 5 20.0.0.2 Ethernet0

20.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 20.0.0.1 Ethernet0

20.0.0.1/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

......


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St bl f t


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Triggered updatesHold-down timers

Split horizonPoison reverse

Stable feature

Router

triggeredupdates

holddown splithorizon

Poison

reverse

Router

Router

Router

Router

Router

Router

Router

Router

IGRPi t t d ti t i


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IGRP integrated routing metric

DelayBandwidth

Loading

ReliabilityMTU

R o u t e r

R o u t e r

R o u t e r

esktop system

Desktop system

IGRP configuration


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IGRP configuration

Start IGRP

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#networknetwork_numberor

Enable IGRP network address

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#network all

router(conf ig)#router igrp

Configure current IGRP autonomous system num

router(conf ig-router-r ip)#asystem as_numbe

Default : as-number 1

IGRP configuration example


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IGRP configuration example

Quidway(config)#router igrpQuidway(config-router-igrp)#asystem 10

Quidway(config-router-igrp)#network 10.0.0.0

Quidway(config-router-igrp)#network 129.102.0.0

Router

network 10.0.0.0 network 129.102.0.0

Redistrib tingotherro tingprotocols


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Redistributing other routing protocols

Quidway(config)# router igrp

Quidway(config-router-igrp)# network 202.38.169.0

Quidway(config-router-igrp)# default-metric 1000 100 250 100 1500Quidway(config-router-igrp)# redistribute ospf

Router

IGRP OSPF

SO S1

202.38.169.1 202.38.160.1


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Brief introductiontoOSPFprotocol


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Brief introduction to OSPF protocol

Applicable to large-scale networks

Fast convergence

No routing loops

Supports variable length subnet mask (VLSM)

Supports equivalent routeSupports area division

Provides hierarchical routing management

Supports authentication

Supports multicast

Basic configuration of OSPF


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Basic configuration of OSPF

Configure the Router ID of a router

Quidway(config)#router id router-id

Start the OSPF protocol Quidway(config)#router ospf enable

Configure the OSPF area where an interface islocated

Quidway(config-interface)#ip ospf enable areaarea-id

Monitoringand maintenanceofOSPF


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Monitoring and maintenance of OSPF

show ip ospf

show ip ospf error

show ip ospf interface

show ip ospf neighbor

Summary


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Summary

After completing this chapter, you should be

able to the following tasks:

Select either a static route or dynamic route to be configured based on network

conditionsConfigure a static route

Describe the basic principles of distance-vector routing protocol

Configure RIP and IGRP routing protocols

Monitor and maintain routing status by the commands show or debug

chapter 08 principle and configuration of routing protocolv2

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