chapter 1
DESCRIPTION
A First Look at Interpersonal CommunicationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Looking Out/Looking InThirteenth Edition
1A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER TOPICS
• Why We Communicate• The Process of Communication• Communication Principles and Misconceptions• The Nature of Interpersonal Communication• What Makes an Effective Communicator
![Page 2: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Physical Needs
• Identity Needs
• Social Needs
• Practical Goals
![Page 3: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Physical Needs• Social isolation increases risk of:
• Coronary disease• Rivals cigarette smoking, high blood pressure and lack of
physical activity
• Catching the common cold• Premature death
• Positive communication and strong social ties lead to better health
![Page 4: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Identity Needs• Identity comes from how we interact with
others
• Acting human is a learned process
• Messages influence our identity throughout our lives
![Page 5: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Social Needs• Communication is used to:
• Obtain pleasure, affection, companionship, relaxation, escape and control
• Create happier relationships and social lives
• Theorists argue that positive relationships may be the most important source of human satisfaction and emotional well-being
![Page 6: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Practical Goals• Getting others to behave in ways we want• Communication is the tool that:
• Lets you explain your needs to the hair stylist• Helps you negotiate household duties• Is essential in virtually every career
• Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs• Physical, Safety, Social, Esteem and Self-
Actualization
![Page 7: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• A Linear View• Communication is “done to” a receiver
Figure 1.1 Page 10
![Page 8: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• Linear Communication• The model
• Suited to radio and television• Created by scientists interested in electronic media• Affected the way we think and talk about
communication
• Is there really only one sender and one receiver?
![Page 9: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• A Transactional View• Communication as a uniquely human process
Figure 1.2 Page 11
![Page 10: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• Transactional Communication• The model
• Messages are sent and received at the same time• Sender/Receiver become communicators• Environments
• Physical location• Personal experiences and cultural backgrounds
• Noise• Internal as well as external noise is represented
• Channels retain significant role
![Page 11: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Some communication is clearly intentional• Communication can be unintentional
• Overhearing another's conversation• How does the meaning change?
• Nonverbal Communication• Unaware of your expressions
• Sour face, restlessness, sighs of boredom• Unknowingly being observed
![Page 12: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Communication is irreversible
• It is impossible to “unreceive” a message• Think about “unsqueezing” a tube of toothpaste
• Words said and deeds done are irretrievable
• It’s impossible not to communicate• Intentional and unintentional behaviors send a
message• People who decode your message may not
interpret it accurately
![Page 13: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Communication is unrepeatable
• Communication is an ongoing process• It is impossible to repeat the same event
• If attempted, the act of repetition will change the intended meaning
• Both communicators have changed because they have lived longer
• The “same” words and behaviors are different each time they are spoken or performed
![Page 14: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Content and relational dimension
• Content dimension• Involves the information being explicitly discussed
• Relational dimension• Involves how you feel about the other person
• Like or dislike• In control or subordinate• Comfortable or anxious
![Page 15: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Misconceptions• More communication is not always better
• Excessive communication can be unproductive and can also backfire
• Pestering a potential employer about a job prospect• Texting too many “call me” messages
• Meanings are not in the words• Saying something is not the same as
communicating it
![Page 16: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principals and Misconceptions
• Misconceptions• Communication and shared understanding
• Successful communication doesn’t always involve shared understanding
• Being deliberately vague• Sacrificing clarity to spare another's feelings
• More satisfying relationships can sometimes come from less-than-perfect understanding
![Page 17: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principals and Misconceptions
• Misconceptions• People/Events do not cause another’s
reaction• Communication is transactional, ongoing and
collaborative• Communication does not occur in a vacuum
• Communication will not solve all problems
![Page 18: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Two Views of Interpersonal Communication• Quantitative Communication
• Any interaction between two people, usually face to face
• Can be considered routine or impersonal
• Qualitative Communication• Occurs when we treat others as unique individuals
regardless of context or the number of people involved
![Page 19: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Aspects of Qualitative Communication• Uniqueness• Irreplaceability• Interdependence• Disclosure• Intrinsic Rewards• The scarcity of quality interpersonal
communication contributes to its value
![Page 20: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Mediated Interpersonal Communication• Mediated Channels
• Instant Messaging, emailing, blogging, Twittering• Social networks
• Facebook• MySpace
• The difference between face-to-face and virtual relationships is eroding
![Page 21: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Mediated Interpersonal Communication• Benefits
• Internet users have more social networks than nonusers
• Computer-based communication encourages offline interaction by keeping relationships active
• Text-only messages can: • Bring people closer by minimizing the perception of
differences• Stimulate both self-disclosure and direct questioning
![Page 22: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Mediated Interpersonal Communication• Challenges
• Leaner Messages• Face-to-face messages are rich with nonverbal cues• Without nonverbal cues, online communicators can
create idealized images of one another
• Disinhibition• Sending messages without considering the consequence• Messages tend to be more direct and often critical
• Permanence• Messages can be archived virtually forever
![Page 23: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
What Makes an Effective Communicator
• Communication Competence• There is no ideal way to communicate
• A variety of communication styles can be effective• You can always learn new styles of communication
• Competence is:• Situational• Relational
• Competence varies from one situation and person to another
![Page 24: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
What Makes an Effective Communicator
• Competent Communicator Characteristics• Behaviors
• Possessing a wide range of behaviors• Ability to chose appropriate behavior based on:
• Context• Goals• Knowledge of the other person
• Skill at performing behaviors
![Page 25: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
What Makes an Effective Communicator
• Competent Communicator Characteristics• Cognitive Complexity
• The ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue or situation
• Empathy• Feeling and experiencing another's situation
• Self-Monitoring• High Self-Monitoring• Low Self-Monitoring
![Page 26: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
What Makes an Effective Communicator
• Competent Communicator Characteristics• Intercultural Communication
• National Differences• Ethnic Differences• Co-cultures
• Age• Occupation• Sexual orientation• Religion• Physical disability
![Page 27: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
What Makes an Effective Communicator
• Competent Communicator Characteristics• Motivation
• The desire to communicate successfully
• Tolerance and Open-mindedness• Communicating across cultures can be confusing
• Knowledge and Skill• Passive observation• Active strategies• Self-disclosure
![Page 28: Chapter 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070304/54c6aee74a79595e6c8b45d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Chapter Review
• Why We Communicate• The Process of Communication• Communication Principles and
Misconceptions• The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication• What Makes an Effective Communicator