BACTERICIDAL EFFICACY OF EXTRACTED KAMIAS (Averrhoa bilimbi) AS A HAND SANITIZER AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

UNIVERSITY OF LA SALETTE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROGRAMS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-2016GROUP 6 BMLS RESEARCHERS

KATRINA SOLE N. LEBANTINO, FRANZCES JOAN A. BIBAT, CATHERINE D. LORENAANNA SHERVANNA V. SEMANERO, JOLINA JANE MADAYAG, JULIE ANN T. DAYAG

RESEARCH CAPSULE

Introduction

Plants provide wealth of bioactive compounds. They are the main source of drugs that being used from the ancient times as herbal remedies for the healthcare, prevention, and cure of various diseases and ailments. Many Philippine plants are used therapeutically for their antibacterial activities.

The Oxalidaceae or wood sorrel family are a small family of eight genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and small trees, with the great majority of the 900 species in the genus Oxalis s(wood sorrels). Averrhoa bilimbi L. (bimbuli) and Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) are the only two species belonging to the genus Averrhoa family oxalidaceae. They are widely cultivated throughout tropical countries for their fruits. These unconventional fruits are easily available as backyard plants and nutritionally rich. Young fruits are green in color which turns yellowish as they ripe. (Definition by Babylon’s Free Dictionary)

This research will identify the bactericidal effect of Kamias as Hand sanitizer against Staphylococcus aureus. Bactericidal agent is a bacteria killing or an agent that kills bacteria while bacteriostatic agents acts by inhibiting growth; it does not necessarily kill the organism. Staphylococcus aureus a common species found especially on nasal mucous membrane and skin (hair follicles); bacterial species that produces exotoxins including those that cause toxic shock syndrome, with resulting skin rash, and renal, hepatic, and central nervous system disease, and an enterotoxin associated with food poisoning; it causes furunculosis, cellulitis, pyemia, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, suppuration of wounds, other infections; also a cause of infection in burn patients; humans are the chief reservoir. (Volk and Wheeler Basic Microbiology Fifth edition; page 210)

The purpose of this research study is to determine the feasibility of the kamias as a hand sanitizer in killing Staphylococcus aureus.

A sanitizer is a substance that is used to kill or destroy microorganisms present in a particular part of a body or an object. This is often used as an antimicrobial agent for some microorganisms that are present to body.

One example of a sanitizer is a hand sanitizer. This is used specifically on hands to kill or destroy the microorganisms present on it.

Different varieties of hand sanitizer are being sold in the market. Different flavors, scents and brand names are occurring and some are costly that others are not able to afford.

Kamias sanitizer is a hand sanitizer made primarily of the fruit kamias which is said to be an antibacterial agent.

This study will provide a Kamias hand sanitizer which researchers found out to be an Antibacterial which can destroy microorganisms that is commonly present on the hands. The researchers will determine if the product will be feasible for the said actions on hands.

Background of the study

For the past years, Kamias has been used in some investigatory projects and research studies that supports our

According to the study of May- ann Roselle (March 2008), she used Kamias as wine. This study is about kamias as wine.Kamias occurs in the cultivated and semi-cultivated state throughout the Philippines. It was introduced from tropical America, and is now pantropic in distribution.The fruit is used to removes stains from clothing and also for washing the hands. It is much used as a seasoning and is made into sweets, including jam, and is used in making pickles.It have its properties like astringent, stomachic, refrigerant, antiscorbutic. (http://may-annroselle.blogspot.com/2008/03/kamias-as-bevearage-drink.html)

Another study conducted by Grade 8 student (Patricia Mae Martinez on 22 June 2013) entitled Effectiveness of Kamias as an Alternative Stain Remover. This research study will give way for an immediate solution and response to the problems of stains. Indirectly, this study will provide great knowledge to some researchers or even companies that deal in molecular biological studies to focus on the effectiveness of this plant as an effective stain remover. The researchers have observed that the cloth can become cleaner or the stain can disappear completely if it is scrubbed like the way everyone scrubs their laundry clothes.

The focus of this study is to make a homemade hand sanitizer to test for the efficacy from Kamias using various concentrations in killing Staphylococcus aureus.

Objectives of the study

The goal of this study is to determine the efficacy of Kamias as a hand sanitizer in killing Staphylococcus aureus .

Particularly, the objectives of this study is to:

1. To determine the efficacy of the homemade hand sanitizer by using various concentration in inhibiting Staphyloccocus aureus:a. 30%b. 50 %c. 70 %d. 90 %

2. To identify what concentration is more effective when using Staphylococcus aureus as bacterial isolates

3. To compare the efficacy of homemade hand sanitizer extracted from kamias using various concentrations when using Staphylococcus aureus as bacterial isolates.

Statement of the problem

For this research to aim its purpose, the problems which can give information to this study are the following:

1. What is the efficacy of the homemade hand sanitizer by using various concentration in inhibiting Staphyloccocus aureus relative to :

a. 30%b. 50 %c. 70 %d. 90 %

2. What concentration is more effective when using homemade hand sanitizer extracted from Kamias against Staphylococcus aureus as bacterial isolates relative to :a. 30 %b. 50 %c. 70 %d. 90 %

3. In what concentration of the home made hand sanitizer extracted from Kamias does the Staphylococcus aureus become susceptible?

Significance of the study

Taking care of our health and/or body is very significant to each of us. Since it is the foundation of all our bodily activities. Furthermore, we cannot enjoy every little thing around us if our health is at risk. So to make sure that we can freely move without any hesitation, taking preventive measures will be such a great start to get rid of possible diseases.

This study is significant to the following:

a. Health care provider, since they are expose to patients everyday who are suffering from different diseases, it is necessary to have an extra care for themselves by using hand sanitizer after a whole day of working in hospitals and laboratories.

b. Food handler, to ensure that the food they are serving is clean they should first apply good sanitation, one of this is applying before preparing foods and after a whole day of handling of foods.

Conceptual Framework

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

The study entitled “EFFICACY OF EXTRACTED KAMIAS AS HANDSANITIZER IN KILLING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS” has the following conclusions:

1. After 48 hours of incubation of the sanitizer there are no growth of microorganisms which shows that the sanitizer is hygienic.

2. First and second trial, after 24 hours, shows that there are no zone of inhibition on the plate containing Staphylococcus aureus.

3. In general the feasibility of the sanitizer to kill Staphylococcus aureus is not effective on concentrations 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%.

Recommendations:

The researchers recorded for the following recommendations:1. Extracts of Kamias with various concentrations can be used as alternative of commercial

hand sanitizer for home consumption.

PREPARATION OF THE HOMEMADE HAND SANITIZER

Staphylococcus aureus GROWTH AND ISOLOTION

ADDING OF HOMEMAND SANITIZER TO THE CULTURE

INHIBITEDSUSCEPTIBLE

CULTURE OF SANITIZER

30% 50% 90%70%

30% 50% 70% 90%

WITH GROWTH NO GROWTH

END OF TESTING

2. Pure extracts of Kamias is most likely provide bactericidal efficacy as hand sanitizer against Staphylococcus aureus.

3. Further studies can be conducted to consider other citrus fruit extract and other experimental microorganisms.

Bibliography

Volk and Wheeler Basic Microbiology Fifth edition

Definition by Babylon’s Free Dictionary

http://may-annroselle.blogspot.com/2008/03/kamias-as-bevearage-drink.html

Averrhoa bilimbi linn-Nature’s Drug store- A pharmacological review, Anitha Roy, Geetha RV, Lakshmi T.

Human Hands and Fingernails;Edited by Chao-Lin Chen, Demosthenes Morales, Huynh Nga Vo, students of Rachel Larsen

Abdullah Aziz, Jhahariar Rahman, Mahfuzul islam, and Anjuman Ara Begun

The Harmful effects of fermented food: rawfoodexplained.com: February 18, 2015, 9:56 amHandwashing:cdc.gov

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Staphylococcus+aureus